采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术,研究了环氧重防腐涂层在不同温度海水中的腐蚀电化学行为.结果表明,随着海水温度的升高,涂层体系的涂层电容值的升高和涂层电阻值的降低均加快,说明海水温度的升高,加速了涂层防护性能的下降,加快了基体金属的腐蚀.浸泡初期,在不同温度的海水中,水在涂层中的扩散均符合Fick扩散第二定律,扩散活化能为49.7kJ·mol-1.随着海水温度的升高,涂层中水的扩散系数增大,涂层吸水达到饱和的时间缩短,但饱和吸水量变化不大

7-7 分子平均碰撞次数和平均自由程 7-8 气体的迁移现象 7-9 实际气体的范德瓦耳斯方程 7-10 热力学第二定律的统计意义

本文从热力学第二定律的基本原理出发,概要地总结了论证\最大功原理\的方法,进而讨论了热力学中的一些基本问题。其基本思想是:分析热力学问题切不可忘了环境。由此得出了某些有意义的结论,澄清了在学习热力学过程中人们常产生的一些疑惑

3.1 Common feature of spontaneous change 3.2 The second law of thermodynamics 3.3 Carnot cycle and Carnot principle 3.4 Definition of entropy 3.5 Clausius inequality ; principle of increase of entropy 3.6 Calculate the change of entropy 3.7 Statistical view of entropy 3.9 Direction of change and conditions in equilibrium 3.10 Calculate of G 3.11 Relations of thermodynamic functions 3.12 Clapeyron equation 3.13 The third law and conventional entropy 3.8 Helmholtz function and Gibbs function

热机(heat engine)发展简介1698年萨维利和1705年纽可门先后发明了蒸汽机,当时蒸汽机的效率极低.1765年瓦特进 行了重大改进,大大提高了效率.人们一直在为提高热机的效率而努力,从理论上研究热机效率问题,一方面指明了提高效率的方向,另 一方面也推动了热学理论的发展

1.传热学(Heat Transfer) (1)研究热量传递规律的科学,具体来讲主要有热量传递的机理、规律、计算和测试方法。 (2)热量传递过程的推动力:温差热力学第二定律:热量可以自发地由高温热源传给低温热源→有温差就会有传热→温差是热量传递的推动力

3.1 Common feature of spontaneous change 3.2 The second law of thermodynamics 3.3 Carnot cycle and Carnot principle 3.4 Definition of entropy 3.5 Clausius inequality ; principle of increase of entropy 3.6 Calculate the change of entropy 3.7 Statistical view of entropy 3.8 Helmholtz function and Gibbs function 3.9 Direction of change and conditions in equilibrium 3.10 Calculate of G 3.11 Relations of thermodynamic functions 3.12 Clapeyron equation 3.13 The third law and conventional entropy

3.1 Common feature of spontaneous change 3.2 The second law of thermodynamics 3.3 Carnot cycle and Carnot principle 3.4 Definition of entropy 3.5 Clausius inequality ; principle of increase of entropy 3.6 Calculate the change of entropy 3.7 Statistical view of entropy 3.8 Helmholtz function and Gibbs function 3.9 Direction of change and conditions in equilibrium 3.10 Calculate of G 3.11 Relations of thermodynamic functions 3.12 Clapeyron equation 3.13 The third law and conventional entropy

气体混合过程的不可逆性 将N2和O2放在一盒内隔板的两边,抽去隔板, N2和O2自动混合,直至平衡。 这是混乱度增加的过程,也是熵增加的过程, 是自发的过程,其逆过程决不会自动发生

Chapter 18 Second Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 18: Second Law of Thermodynamics(热力学第二定律) O The second law of thermodynamics Reversible and irreversible process(可逆过程与不可逆过程): Carnot cycle(卡诺循环) Entropy(熵)