一、有机合成的历史回顾 二、有机合成化学的发展趋势 三、学习内容和方法 四、重要参考书及期刊 五、课程安排 Chapter 2 Formation of Carbon-Carbon Single Bonds Chapter 3 Formation of Carbon-Carbon Doule Bonds Chapter 4 Conversion of Functional Groups Chapter 5 Application of Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis Chapter 6 Diels-Alder Reaction and Development Chapter 7 Oxidation Reactions Chapter 8 Reduction Reactions

The different arrangements of atoms caused by rotation about a single bond are called conformations (构象)of the molecule, and a specific conformation is called a conformer (构象异构体, conformation isomer). An analysis of the energy changes that a molecule undergoes as groups rotate about single bonds is called a conformational analysis (构象分析)

（1) Carbon’s ability to form as many as four strong bonds to other carbon atoms and to form strong bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorous. （2) Carbon can make the vast number of different molecules Required for complex living organisms

Bonds and Bond Valuation More oBond Features Bond Ratings Some Different Types of Bonds Bond Markets Inflatioand Interest Rates Determinants of Bond Yields

Long-Term Debt, Preferred Stock, and Common Stock Bonds and Their Features Types of Long-Term- Debt Instruments Retirement of Bonds Preferred Stock and Its Features Rights of Common Shareholders Dual-Class Common Stock

6.1 Electron-deficient multi-center bonds and electron-deficient molecules 6.2 Chemical bonds in the coordination compounds 6.3 Ligand Field Theory (LFT) 6.4 π- back Bonding (π-馈键) 6.5 Metal cluster 6.6 Carbon clusters 6.7 Hydrogen Bonding

6.1 Electron-deficient multi-center bonds 6.2 Chemical bonds in the coordination compounds 6.3 Prediction of structural features of inorganic iono-covalent compounds with tetrahedral anion complexes 6.4 Transition-metal cluster compounds 6.5 Carbon clusters and nanotubes 6.6 Hydrogen Bonding

1.12A The Structure of Methane sp3 Hybridization The 4 sp3 orbitals should be oriented at angles of 109.5° with respect to each other. An sp3-Hybridized carbon gives a tetrahedral structure for methane, and with four equivalent C—H bonds

Graphlte works as a lubrlcant because the planes,held together by strong chemlcal (covalent) bonds between the carbon atoms, can sllde across each other wlth only J.M.H.L.S. weak Van der Waals bonds between the planes belng broken

第七章碳杂重键的加成 (Addition to Carbon -Hetero Multiple Bonds) 一.反应机理 碱催化机理 酸催化机理 二.羰基活性 1.底物 电子效应 空间效应 2.亲核试剂 试剂的亲核性的强度 试剂的可极化度大小 空间效应