Are they instances of learning? (1) A young child takes his first steps. (2) An adolescent male feels a strong attraction tocertain females. (3) A child feels anxious when he sees the doctorcoming with a needle

4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel)

The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education

1.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. American Psychology Association(APA) 2.Journal of Educational Psychology,APA 3. Contemporary Educational Psychology.APA 4. Educational Psychologist.APA

1915-1918, taught at Northwestern Uni., At which time he was released for “lack of teaching success”, but more likely it was because of his pacifism during wartime

5.3.1 About Bruner: Jerome Seymour Bruner(1915-) Born in New York in 1915. 1931,studied law at Duke Uni., then studied Psy. because of the influence of Mcdougall

Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology before1900,studied law,philosophy. 1901-1904,studied psychology and philosophy at the universities of Prague, Berlin. 1904, received Ph.D. at Würzbur

5.1 About GestaltPsychology The founder ofGestalt psychology: Max Wertheimer(1880-1943)

“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly

本书是教育部“高等师范教育面向21世纪教学内容和课程体系改革计划”(简称“高师教学改革计划”)立项项目《高等师范公共心理学课程整体改革的研究与实践》(编号JS075B)研究成果之一，同时也是安徽省教育厅高校教学研究项目《高等师范公共必修心理学课程整体改革实验研究》成果之一，作为教育部规划的“面向21世纪课程教材”，必须面向21世纪的教育发展，为培养21世纪的一代新人服务