• This chapter is chiefly concerned with the transformation rules between various parts of speech in English-Chinese translation, including the transformation of nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs in English

• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

第一节 翻译的性质与标准 第二节 翻译的过程 第三节 翻译的方法 第四节 英汉语言转换对比 第五节 翻译的技巧

• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

• Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation • (1) analysis of the source text • (2) transfer from the source to the target language • (3) restructuring in the target language • (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience

Idiom, as a linguistic phenomenon, can be regarded as the most special part of language, and they are heavily culture￾loaded. Because of those culture differences, idioms become one of the greatest barriers for cross-culture communication

◼ 概论 ◼ 1.1翻译的性质和类型 ◼ 1.2汉英翻译的单位 ◼ 1.3汉英翻译的标准 ◼ 1.4汉英翻译对译者素养的要求 ◼ 汉英翻译基本知识 ◼ 汉英翻译与文化 ◼ 中英思维方式对比 ◼ 汉英语言对比 ◼ 词的翻译 ◼ 句子的翻译 ◼ 语篇的翻译

Unit 1 Talking About Learning English Unit 2 Greetings and Introductions Unit 3 Opening and Closing a Conversation Unit 4 Time and Appointment Unit 5 Making Telephone Unit 6 Going to a Party Unit 7 A Job Interview Unit 8 Gratitude And Thanks Unit 9 Apologies and Excuses Unit 10 Anger and Annoyance Unit 11 Compliments

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Chinese-English Translation  Ⅰ. Three peaks of translation in history  1. The Translation of Buddhist Classics: the First Peak  2. The translation of books on science and technology: the second peak  （科技翻译：中国的士大夫和传教士联手将欧洲的宗教、哲 学、科技和文学等“西学”介绍到中国来。）  3.The Translation of Western Classics: the Third Peak  （鸦片战争后至“五四”前的西方政治思想和文学翻译）

由于新闻报道需要经常直率或含蓄地转述、援引新闻人物或其他有关人士的谈话，因此，英 语报刊频频出现表示\某某人说的\的\说\（say）。但是，事实上，新闻报道所涉及到的说话 人的神态和语气在不同场合或氛围中不尽相同这是\say\这个中性词所无法确切体现的