一、 考试内容 (一) 生态学概论 1． 地球生命的演化历史 2． 生态学的形成及发展过程 3． 生态学的主要研究内容、研 究对象 (二) 个体生态学（生物与环境）

Introduction: What Is an Igneous rock? Igneous rocks vary greatly. Some contain large mineral grains. Others contain grains so small they can barely be seen under a high power microscope. Igneous rocks also vary greatly in color. All igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma

Introduction: Weathering The Breakdown of Rock At the Earth's surface, rocks are exposed to the effects of weathering: the chemical alteration and mechanical breakdown of rock, when exposed to air, moisture, and organic matter. Weathering is an integral part of the rock cycle. Weathering converts rock to regolith

Introduction: Earth's' Internal-- Thermal Engine Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface. Because liquid magma is less dense than surrounding solid rock, and obviously more mobile, magma, once formed, rises toward the surface. Magma that reaches the surface does so by erupting through vents we call volcanoes

Earth's Internal Structure When a meteorite impacts a planet or moon, its energy of motion (called kinetic energy)is transformed into heat energy. As Earth grew larger and larger from continual impacts, its temperature increased. Radioactive decay of materials like uranium, thorium and potassium also added heat

Plate Tectonics From Hypothesis to Theory Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that explains two centuries of often puzzling observations and hypotheses a bout our planet Earth. a The continents are drifting very slowl across the face of our planet Continental drift is a concept with a long history

◼ 水平分隔建筑空间的构件，楼层分隔上下 空间，地层分隔底层空间并与土壤直接相 连。 ◼ 楼层的结构层为楼板，地层的结构层为垫 层

Syllabus of Physical Geology Chapter 1 meet planet earth Chapter 2: Global Tectonics, Our Dynamic Planet oChapter 3: Atoms, Elements, Minerals, Rocks: EarthsBuilding materials Chapter 4: Igneous Rocks: Product of Earth's Internal fire Chapter 5: Magma And volcanoes Chapter 6: Weathering and soils Chapter 7: Sediments and Sedimentary rocks Chapter 8: Metamorphism and Metamorphic rock Chapter 9: How rock Bends, Buckles, and Breaks Chapter 10: Earthquakes and Earth's Interior Chapter 11: Geologic Time And The rock record Chapter 12: The Earth Through Time

第一节语言学及其地位 一、什么是语言学 把语言作为专门研究对象的科学是语言学 语言学的任务和目的,就是描述和分析客观 存在的语言事实,通过这种事实的描述和分析, 探讨并揭示语言的发展规律,以此指导人们的语 言实践,使人们更好地掌握和使用语言,让语言 在人类生活的各个方面产生更大的效益。 二 、语言学在科学体系中的地位 语言学与人文社会科学语言学与现代自然科学

1. 从地心说到日心说 2. 太阳系的轨道特性 3. Titius-Bode 定则 4.太阳 5. 太阳系中的行星 6. 陨石 7. 撞击的效果 8. 角动量分配异常 9. 太阳系起源假说及其发展