由于晶格具有周期性，一些物理量具有周期性，如势能函数： ( ) ( ) 1 1 2 2 3a3 V x V x l a l a l K K G G G = + + + —— 如图 XCH_001_024 所示，A 和 A’两点势能相同。 —— 势能函数是以 1 2 3 a , a , a G G G 为周期的三维周期函数 引入倒格子，可以将三维周期性函数展开为傅里叶级数
I. Choose the Correct Answer 1. A particle moves with position given by r ti j = 3 ˆ + 4 ˆ v , where r v is measured in meters when t is measured in seconds. For each of the following, consider only t > 0. The magnitude of the angular momentum of this particle about the origin is （ B ）
The result appears to be trivial, but it is not. Notice that the “velocity increment” ∆V is actually equal to the decrease in orbital velocity. The rocket is pushing forward, but the velocity is decreasing. This is because in a r-2 force field, the kinetic energy is equal in magnitude but of the opposite sign
