The important of acid-base reaction: 1. is a simple, fundamental reaction. 2. enable you to see the mechanism of the reaction 3. illustrate the process of bond breaking and bond making 4. examine important ideas about the relationship between the structure of molecules and their reactivity

8.1 Introduction Alkenes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon double bond. Hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon triple bond are called alkynes

The different arrangements of atoms caused by rotation about a single bond are called conformations (构象)of the molecule, and a specific conformation is called a conformer (构象异构体, conformation isomer). An analysis of the energy changes that a molecule undergoes as groups rotate about single bonds is called a conformational analysis (构象分析)

 8.1 Using Present Value Formulas to Value Known Flows  8.2 The Basic Building Blocks: Pure Discount Bonds  8.3 Coupon Bonds, Current Yield, and Yield-to-Maturity  8.4 Reading Bond Listings  8.5 Why Yields for the same Maturity Differ  8.6 The Behavior of Bond Prices Over Time

8.1 Chemical Bonds 8.2 Ionic bond, 8.3 Covalent Bonding 8.4 Bond polarity & electronegativity

ot all the properties of alkenes are revealed by focusing exclusively on the func- tional group behavior of the double bond. A double bond can affect the proper- ties of a second functional unit to which it is directly attached. It can be a sub- stituent, for example, on a positively charged carbon in an allylic carbocation, or on a carbon that bears an unpaired electron in an allylic free radical, or it can

Company a buys default protection from b to protect against default on a reference bond issued by the reference entity, C A makes periodic payments to In the event of a default by c A has the right to sell the reference bond to B for its face value

Introduction Alkynes contain a triple bond. General formula is C.H2n-2 Two elements of unsaturation for each triple bond. · Some reactions are like alkenes: addition and oxidation. · Some reactions are specific to alkynes

§9.2 Valence Bond Theory §9.5 Bond Parameters §9.4 Molecular Orbital Theory §9.3 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory §9.1 Lewis structure Theory

§9.1 Valence Bond Theory §9.4 Bond Parameters §9.3 Molecular Orbital Theory §9.2 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory