4.3.4许用应力,安全系数 强度条件(重点掌握) 由于各种原因使结构丧失其正常工作能力的现象,称为失效。材料的两种失效形式为: (1)塑性屈服,指材料失效时产生明显的塑性变形,并伴有屈服现象。塑性材料如低碳 钢等以塑性屈服为标志。 (2)脆性断裂,材料失效时未产生明显的塑性变形而突然断裂。脆性材料如铸铁等以脆 断为失效标志

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