Constructivism are based on the idea that, unlike a computer disk or an empty container, students do not wait passively to be filled up with knowledge. Rather, students actively build, or construct, their own knowledge.Teachers cannot entirely control their students’ learning, expert teachers can do much to facilitate students’ own active learning processes. (Cobb,2000)

1 Introduction 1 2 Interacting With MATLAB 22 3 Matrices 38 4 Calculations 62 5 Contingencies 99 6 Input-Output 128 7 Data Types 156 8 Modules and Functions 182 9 Plots 208 10 Lines, Shapes, and Images 248 11 Animation and Sound 287 12 Enhanced User Interaction 304 13 Psychtoolbox 323 14 Debugging 355 15 Going On 370

1 Basic Operations 2 Data Handling 3 Plotting Data 4 Start Programming 5 A Better Sound 6 Create and Proccess Images 7 Data Analysis 8 The Charm of Graphical User Interface 9 Psychtoolbox: Video 10 Psychtoolbox: Sound, Keyboard and Mouse

第一单元：确定问题 第二单元：分析原因 第三单元：寻找出路 第四单元：筛选方案 第五单元：计划与实施 第六单元：六顶思考帽

一、态度的定义及其特性 (一)态度的定义 所谓态度指个体自身对社会存在所持有的一种具有一定结构和比较稳定的内在心理状态。对此界定可以从以下几个方面进行理解

born in Berlin, Germany, in 1886 1903-1908, studied philosophy and psy. at the Uni.of Edinburgh in Scotland and Uni. of Berlin. 1910, went to work as assistants to Friedrich Schumann at the Psychological Institute in Frankfurt 1924, went to America and worked in Connel Uni., Wisconsin Uni. And Smith College till his death. Koffka introduced it to the United States and systematized Gestalt psychology into a coherent body of theories

一、社会认知的定义 社会认知是个体在与他人的交往过程中;观察了解他人并形成判断的 一种心理活动。由于社会心理学对于社会认知的研究着眼于对人及人与人关 系的知觉感受,、因而不少社会心理学文献称之为社会知觉或人际知觉、社 会知觉的刺激来源于社会客体。社会客体的涵义十分广泛,既包括他人、群 体、人际关系,也包括认知主体自身

Defining Declarative Knowledge: (labels, names, facts, lists). Declarative knowledge is often associated with rote memory. It is the substance with which we think. It is often associated with the knowledge and comprehension level of Bloom's taxonomy. Examples of Declarative Knowledge: Often within your instructional design there are terms that your learners need to know and understand in order to more effectively communicate or proceed through

一:什么是需要 需要是个体在生活中感到某种欠缺而力求获得满足的一种内心状态。它是客观现实要求的反映,是个人的一种主观状态

一 理解本科教学审核评估的实质和要求 二 基于以学生为中心理念的全过程改革 三 基于成果导向的教学设计 四 基于成果导向的教学实施 五 基于成果导向的教学改革建设 六 基于成果导向的教学评价