上海交通大学：《药剂学》教学资源（电子教案）capsules

1) orally, conveniently carried, readily identified, and easily taken 2) compared with equivalent doses of a liquid medication, accurate dosing, most tasteless when swallowed 3) readily identified 4) Prescribing flexibility (a variety of dosage strengths) 5) from a pharmaceutic standpoint, solid dosage forms are • efficiently and productively manufactured • packaged and shipped by manufacturers at lower cost and with less breakage than comparable liquid forms • more stable, have a longer shelf-life than their liquid counterparts

I. Factors affecting percutaneous absorption II. Percutaneous absorption enhancer III. Design features of transdermal drug delivery system IV. Percutaneous absorption model V. Advantages and disadvantages of TDDSs VI. Examples of transdermal drug deliver systems VII. General clinical considerations in the use of TDDSs

1. Drug discovery and drug design 2. Biological characterization 3. Early formulation studies 4. The investigational New Drug (IND) Application(研究性新药申请） 5. The New Drug Application (NDA)

• 1. Introduction • 2.Topical Administration • 3.Oral Administration • 4.Vaginal Administration • 5.Ophthalmics • 6.Parenteral Administration • 7.Peglated Dosage Forms • 8.Fusion Protein • 9.Implants • 10.Other Novel Delivery Systems

1. Solubility 2. Some Solvents for Liquid Preparations 3. Preparation of Solutions 4. Oral Solutions and Preparations for Oral Solution 5. Syrups 6. Elixirs 7. Tinctures 8. Proper Administration and Use of Liquid Peroral Dosage Forms 9. Topical Solutions and Tinctures 10. Vaginal and Rectal Solutions 11. Topical Tinctures 12. Topical Oral (Dental) Solutions 13. Miscellaneous Solutions 14. Nonaqueous Solutions 15. Extraction Methods for Preparing Solutions

I. Ointments II. Compendial requirements for ointments III. Creams IV. Gels V. Miscellaneous semisolid preparations: pastes and plasters VI. Features and use of dermatologic preparations VII. Features and use of ophthalmic ointments and gels VIII. Features and use of nasal ointments and gels IX. Features and use of rectal preparations X. Features and use of vaginal preparations

I. General principles of drug absorption II. Dissolution and drug absorption III. Bioavailability and bioequivalence IV. Routes of drug administration V. Fate of drug after absorption VI. Pharmacokinetic principles

I. Powders II. Medicated powders III. Granules

第一节 药物的肾排泄 第二节 药物的胆汁排泄 第三节 药物的其他排泄途径