6. Capsules
6. Capsules
Characters 1)orally, conveniently carried, readily identified, and easily taken 2)compared with equivalent doses of a liquid medication, accurate dosing, most tasteless when swallowed 3)readily identified 4)Prescribing flexibility (a variety of dosage strengths
Characters 1) orally, conveniently carried, readily identified, and easily taken 2) compared with equivalent doses of a liquid medication, accurate dosing, most tasteless when swallowed 3) readily identified 4) Prescribing flexibility (a variety of dosage strengths)
5)from a pharmaceutic standpoint solid dosage forms are efficiently and productively manufactured packaged and shipped by manufacturers at lower cost and with less breakage than comparable liquid forms more stable have a longer shelf-life than their liquid counterparts
5) from a pharmaceutic standpoint, solid dosage forms are • efficiently and productively manufactured • packaged and shipped by manufacturers at lower cost and with less breakage than comparable liquid forms • more stable, have a longer shelf-life than their liquid counterparts
I. Capsules 1. Hard gelatin capsules 2. Soft gelatin capsules 3. Compendial requirements for capsules 4. Official and commercially available capsules 5. Inspecting, counting, packaging and storing capsules
I. Capsules 1. Hard gelatin capsules 2. Soft gelatin capsules 3. Compendial requirements for capsules 4. Official and commercially available capsules 5. Inspecting, counting, packaging, and storing capsules
Capsules are solid dosage forms which medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of gelatin Gelatin capsule shells may be hard or soft, depending on their composition
Capsules are solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of gelatin. Gelatin capsule shells may be hard or soft, depending on their composition
1. Hard gelatin capsules Hard gelatin capsule shells are used in most commercial medicated capsules The empty capsule shells are made of gelatin, sugar, and water. They can be clear, colorless, and essentially tasteless; or they may be colored with various dyes
1. Hard gelatin capsules • Hard gelatin capsule shells are used in most commercial medicated capsules. • The empty capsule shells are made of gelatin, sugar, and water. • They can be clear, colorless, and essentially tasteless; or they may be colored with various dyes
Most commercially available medicated capsules contain combinations of colorants and opaquants to make them distinctive, many with caps and bodies of different colors Gelatin is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin. white connective tissue and bones of animals
• Most commercially available medicated capsules contain combinations of colorants and opaquants to make them distinctive, many with caps and bodies of different colors. • Gelatin is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals
It is desirable to maintain hard gelatin capsules in an environment free from excessive humidity or dryness Many capsules are packaged along with a small packet of a desiccant material to protect against the absorption of atmospheric moisture The desiccant materials most used are dried silica gel lay, and activated charcoal
• It is desirable to maintain hard gelatin capsules in an environment free from excessive humidity or dryness. • Many capsules are packaged along with a small packet of a desiccant material to protect against the absorption of atmospheric moisture. The desiccant materials most used are dried silica gel, clay, and activated charcoal
A number of methods have been developed to track the passage of capsules and tablets through the gastrointestinal tract to map their transit time and drug release patterns Among these is gamma scintigraphy, a noninvasive procedure that entails use of a gamma ray-emitting radiotracer incorporate into the formulation with a gamma camera coupled to a data recording system
• A number of methods have been developed to track the passage of capsules and tablets through the gastrointestinal tract to map their transit time and drug release patterns. • Among these is gamma scintigraphy, a noninvasive procedure that entails use of a gamma ray-emitting radiotracer incorporated into the formulation with a gamma camera coupled to a data recording system
When scintigraph is combined with pharmacokinetic studies, the resultant pharmacoscintographic evaluation provides information about the transit and drug release patterns of the dosage form as well as the rate of drug absorption from the various regions of the gastrointestinal tract
When scintigraph is combined with pharmacokinetic studies, the resultant pharmacoscintographic evaluation provides information about the transit and drug release patterns of the dosage form as well as the rate of drug absorption from the various regions of the gastrointestinal tract