一、带电粒子在电场和磁场中所受的力 方向:即以右手四指由经小于180°的角弯向B,拇指的指向就是正电荷所受洛仑兹力的方向.运动电荷在电场和磁场中受的力

一、电荷(electric charge)的基本性质 1电荷有正负之分; 2电荷是量子化(quantization)的;所有带电体的电量都是电子电荷e=1.602×10-19C的整数倍:q=ne(n=0,±1,±2

一、电场线(电场的图示法) 电场线(electric field line)又称电力线electric line of force)规定 1)曲线上每一点切线方向为该点电场方向 2)通过垂直于电场方向单位面积电场线数为该点

一、可逆过程(reversible processes)与不可逆过程 可逆过程:在系统状态变化过程中如果逆过程能重复正过程的每一状态,而不引起其他变化,这样的过程叫做可逆过程

一、计算各等值过程的热量、功和内能的理论基础 (1)pV=uT(理想气体的共性)

一位移(displacement)与路程(path) 位置矢量的变化量,称为位 y L 移矢量,简称位移。如图所 示,经过时间间隔Δt后,位 A△B 置矢量由变到,位移

一、惯性参考系 (inertial reference frame) 定义:适用牛顿运动定律的参考系叫做惯性参考系;反之,叫做非惯性参考系.(在研究地面上物体的运动时,地球可近似地看成是惯性参考系.)

20.1 The magnetic field and its application 1. The magnetic field and its features Gravitational field FG=mg -gravitational force caused by mass Electric field =gE -electric force caused by electric charge Magnetic field--? While the magnetic field has similarities to the other fields, it also has some unique features that distinguish it from the others

1 Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction 1. Experiments ① A magnet and ② two loops of wire,a loop of wire battery and a switch A current is observed in the loop as long as the magnetic flux through the loop is changing with time

§20.1 热力学基本概念 §20.2 热力学第一定律及其应用