山东大学：《口腔组织病理学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）第十六章 唾液腺疾病_唾液腺上皮良性肿瘤——基底细胞腺瘤 Basal cell adenoma

Type 1 (beta-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) Autoimmune Idiopathic Type 2 – (may range from predominantly insulin resistance with relative

Q1. Prokaryotic cell E. coli consists of a single closed-circular DNA molecule of 4.6 x 106 bp long. This DNA molecule would be 1.6 mm if the double helix is relaxed. Please describe what strategies does E. coli use to pack such a long molecules into its nucleoid less than a micrometer (mm) in diameter. (20 points)

Your answer should describe what each item is and how it functions in the cell. Diagrams, structure and sequence information could be included in your answer, as necessary. 1. Affinity chromotography 2. microRNA 3. Alternative splicing 4. Insulator 5. Riboswitch 6. Wobble concept 7. Topoisomerase

PART I: DESCRIPTION (2 points each) Your answer should describe what each item is and how it functions in the cell. Diagrams, structure and sequence information should be included in your answer, as necessary

INTRODUCTION Understanding how the genetic processes of the cell work requires powerful,and complementary experimental approaches including the use of suitable model organisms in which the tools of genetic analysis are available

Z 链（Z chain） 伴胞（3 cell）：是和筛胞并列的一种细胞，是活细胞，有细胞核和浓厚的细胞质。伴胞和筛管是从分生组 织的同一母细胞分裂发育而成。二者间存在着发达的胞间连丝，在功能上也是密切相关，伴胞和筛管分子 共同完成有机物的运输。 孢子（spore）：植物营养生长到一定时期，进入生殖生长阶段，产生具有生殖功能的细胞，这些细胞不经 两性的结合可发育成新个体，这种繁殖方式称为无形繁殖。这种具有生殖功能的细胞称为孢子

1982年北京大学毕业后入选CUSBEA留美项目，1983年赴美 国加州大学洛山矶分校攻读博士学位。1988年获博士学位后在 加州理工学院从事博士后研究。1991年到卡罗拉多大学执教， 先后任助理教授、副教授、教授。97年被遴选为著名的休斯医 学研究所研究员。发现Ras途径在发育中的作用，所领导的研 究组在细胞信号转导和发育方面有诸多重要贡献，在Cell, Nature, Science等刊物上发表了多篇论文并获专利2项

Bacterial chemical components Water: free water and compound water. Inorganic salt: phosphus, potassium magnesium,calcium, nitrium,etc. Protein: 50%-80% of dry weight accordingbacterial kinds and age. Sugar: mainly distributing in cell wall andcapsule. Lipids: composed of lipid, fatty acid, wax, etc. Nucleic acid: RNA and DNA

Lecture 2 1.5 The Historical Roots of Microbiology 1.6 Microbial Diversity and the Advent ofMolecular Microbiology 2.1 Elements of Cell and Viral Structure 2.2 Arrangement of DNA in Microbial Cells 2.3 The Tree of Life