Parallels with Simple regression Bo is still the intercept B, to Bk all called slope parameters u is still the error term(or disturbance) Still need to make a zero conditional mean assumption, so now assume that E(lx,x2…,x)=0 Still minimizing the sum of squared residuals. so have k+l first order conditions Economics 20- Prof anderson

第一节 化学计量学 第二节 化学反应速率的表示方式 第三节 动力学方程 第四节 气固相催化反应本征动力学方程 第五节 温度对反应速率的影响 第六节 固体催化剂的失活

Redefining variables Changing the scale of the y variable will lead to a corresponding change in the scale of the coefficients and standard errors. so no change in the significance or interpretation Changing the scale of one x variable will lead to a change in the scale of that coefficient and standard error, so no change in the significance or interpretation Economics 20- Prof anderson

4.1 细胞反应的计量学 4.2 细胞反应的碳平衡 4.3 细胞反应的氧平衡和ATP平衡 4.4 细胞反应的能量平衡

Consistency e Under the Gauss-Markov assumptionS OLS IS BLUE, but in other cases it wont always be possible to find unbiased estimators o In those cases, we may settle for estimators that are consistent, meaning as n→>∞,the distribution of the estimator collapses to the parameter value Economics 20- Prof anderson

Single equation regression models: -The dependent variable, Y, is expressed as a linear function of one or more explanatory variables, the Xs. Assumption the cause-and-effect relationship, if any, between Y and the Xs is unidirectional: explanatory variables are the cause; the dependent variable is the effect

西方国家盛行“ Occam's razor”原则,意思是 “简单优于复杂”的节约性原则。经济模型永远 无法完全把握现实,在建立模型中一定的抽象和 简化是不可避免的。 在研究进口与国内生产总值的关系时,考虑到时 间趋势,建立并估计了以下模型

14.1 Restricted Least Squares (RLS) 1. OLS and RLS ()Unrestricted least squares(ULS) When using the ordinary least square method(OLS) to estimate the parameters, we do not put any prior constraint() or restriction(s) on the parameters. So we can estimate the parameters without any restrictions. This is ULS

中国经济的快速发展，使居民收入不断增加，数以百万 计的中国人开始得以实现拥有汽车的梦想，中国也成为世界 上成长最快的汽车市场。 中国交通部副部长在中国交通可持续发展论坛上做出预 测 :“2020年，中国的民用汽车保有量将比2003年的数字 增长６倍，达到1.4亿辆左右”

一、异方差的实质和产生的原因 二、异方差产生的后果 三、异方差的检测方法 四、异方差的补救