华南师范大学：《医学分子生物学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第十三章 DNA芯片技术

一、概念 二、基因活性状态的可逆性 三、DNA的不可逆改变导致的细胞分化 四、基因活性状态的维持和传递决定 五、细胞分化中基因的转录调控 六、细胞分化中RNA加工水平上的调控 七、细胞分化中翻译水平上的调控 八、细胞分化中翻译后水平上的调控

Functions of Nucleotides RNA and DNA components serving as energy stores for future use in phosphate transfer reactions. These reactions are predominantly carried out by ATP

一、制备大量目的基因片段 二、重组DNA 三、宿主细胞 四、重组子的筛选 五、表达蛋白的收集，纯化

遗传的细胞学基础 细胞的结构 主要的细胞器及功能 染色体/染色质 细胞分裂 遗传的物质基础 核酸是遗传物质 DNA RNA

A重组DNA技术的理论基础 B基因的分子生物学 C基因工程的基本原理 D基因工程的支撑技术

核酸中的碱基(Base in Nucleic Acids) DNA——Deoxyribonucleic acid

20.1 Introduction 20.2 Eukaryotic RNA polymerases consist of many subunits 20.3 Promoter elements are defined by mutations and footprinting 20.4 RNA polymerase I has a bipartite promoter 20.5 RNA polymerase III uses both downstream and upstream promoters 20.6 The startpoint for RNA polymerase II 20.7 TBP is a universal factor 20.8 TBP binds DNA in an unusual way

28.1 Introduction 28.2 Transforming viruses carry oncogenes 28.3 Early genes of DNA transforming viruses have multifunction oncogenes 28.4 Retroviruses activate or incorporate cellular genes 28.5 Retroviral oncogenes have cellular counterparts 28.6 Ras oncogenes can be detected in a transfection assay 28.7 Ras proto-oncogenes can be activated by mutation at specific positions 28.8 Nondefective retroviruses activate proto-oncogenes 28.9 Proto-oncogenes can be activated by translocation 28.10 The Philadelphia translocation generates a new oncogene 28.11 Oncogenes code for components of signal transduction cascades 28.12 Growth factor receptor kinases can be mutated to oncogenes 28.13 Src is the prototype for the proto-oncogenic cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases 28.14 Oncoproteins may regulate gene expression 28.15 RB is a tumor suppressor that controls the cell cycle 28.16 Tumor suppressor p53 suppresses growth or triggers apoptosis

2.1 Introduction We can think about mapping genes and genomes at several levels of resolution: A genetic (or linkage) map identifies the distance between mutations in terms of recombination frequencies. A linkage map can also be constructed by measuring recombination between sites in genomic DNA