（一）内容反映 内容反映又称为释义、简述语意。 咨询师把求助者的主要言谈、思想，加 以综合整理后，再反馈给求助者。使求 助者有机会再次来剖析自己的困扰，重 新组合那些零散的事件和关系，深化谈 话的内容

一、阅读教学的概念 1、 阅读：阅读是从写的或印的语言 符号中取得意义的一种心理过程。广义 上说，读书、阅报、读通知、看图纸， 甚至看图像，都是不同形式的阅读活动。 狭义上说，专指阅读书刊报章的文字。 在语文教学中，则特指阅读语文教材中 的课文和课外读物

一、什么是语文课程评价 评价：即通过一定的方法、途径 对某一事物或某一问题作出客观描述 和价值判断的过程。 格朗兰德：评价=测量（量的记述） 或非测量（质的记述）+价值判断

一、语文教学策略 （一）制定课堂教学目标的策略 （二）优化教学过程的策略 （三）建立有效教学方式的策略 （四）选择教学方法的策略

Learning strategies are specific methods of learning information that help them learn and remember things. The four commonly observed trends in the development of learning strategies (1)rehearsal increases during the elementary school years. It is rare in kindergarten children but increases in frequency and effectiveness throughout the elementary school years

Constructivism are based on the idea that, unlike a computer disk or an empty container, students do not wait passively to be filled up with knowledge. Rather, students actively build, or construct, their own knowledge.Teachers cannot entirely control their students’ learning, expert teachers can do much to facilitate students’ own active learning processes

第一节 心理健康的含义与标准 第二节 大学生常见心理异常分析 第三节 培养健康心理的原则与途径

3.1 What is learning? Are they instances of learning? (1) A young child takes his first steps. (2) An adolescent male feels a strong attraction to certain females. (3) A child feels anxious when he sees the doctor coming with a needle. (4) Long after learning how to multiply, a girl realizes on her own that another way to multiply by 5 is to divided by 2 and multiply by 10(e.g. 428×5 can by figured as follows:428/2=214 ×10=2140)

4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel) 1912, became Chairman of APA

当代大学生生长在中国社会由计划经济向市场经济、从封闭社会向开放社会、从伦理社 会向法制社会转换的过程中，生活在全球化趋向日益强烈、知识经济的发展日益迅猛、多元 文化日益交融的时代，亲身感受到了先进与落后的碰撞、文明与愚昧的冲突、现代与传统的 矛盾，感受到了人们生活节奏的加快，竞争压力的加大，面对自主择业分配制度，心理负荷 越来越重；