重庆交通大学：《交通管理与控制》课程教学资源（资料翻译）第10章 运输成本效益分析

延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英译汉）Translation：Theory and Practice 第八章 Positive vs. Negative Expressions（Affirmation vs. Negation）

• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

• This chapter is chiefly concerned with the transformation rules between various parts of speech in English-Chinese translation, including the transformation of nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs in English

• literal translation, • free translation, • transliteration • the synthesis of literal translation and free translation • and so on

• Ⅰ. About the definition • 1) translating • 2) a translation • 3) translation

Idiom, as a linguistic phenomenon, can be regarded as the most special part of language, and they are heavily culture￾loaded. Because of those culture differences, idioms become one of the greatest barriers for cross-culture communication

 I. Denotative Meaning & Associative Meaning  1. Denotative meaning:  (also known as conceptual meaning) is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of the word meaning. It forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same denotative meaning to all the speakers of the same language

《翻译与思辩》参考资料：Topic 4 Food Safety Materials_监管才是食品安全的最后盾牌

《翻译与思辩》参考资料：Topic 4 Food Safety Materials_转基因食品：福音还是灾难