一、闭环频率特性与尼柯尔斯图线 对单位反馈系统而言，闭环与开环频率特性之间的关系是

一、频率特性的定义： 在正弦输入下，系统的输出稳态分量与输入量的复数之比。一般用G(j)表示

希望系统有很快地响应速度。即在控制信号的作 用下，系统的输出能很快地随控制信号变化而变化。 系统分析的准确度取决于数学模型描述的真实程度

一、误差与稳态误差 1．定义 ⑴ 误差的两种定义： a. 从输出端定义:等于系统输出量的实际值与希望值之差。 这种方法在性能指标提法中经常使用，但在实际系统中 有时无法测量。因此，一般只具有数学意义

System compensation is the process of designing a controller that will produce an acceptable transient response while maintaining a desired steady-state accuracy .These two design objectives are conflicting in most systems ,since small errors imply high gains reduce system stability and may even drive the system unstable .Compensation may be thought of as the process of increasing the stability of a system without reducing its accuracy below minimum acceptable standards

3—1 系统时间响应的性能指标 3—2 一阶系统的时域分析 3—3 二阶系统的时域分析 3—4 高阶系统的时域分析 3—5 线性系统的稳定性分析 3—6 线性系统的稳态误差计算

3.6.1 稳态误差的定义 3.6.2 系统类型 3.6.3 扰动作用下的稳态误差

Frequency response is the analysis of the response of systemswhen subjected to a sinusoidal change in input. When a linear system is subjected to a sinusoidal input, its ultimate response is also a sustained sinusoidal wave, with the same frequency. The figure below compares the output response of a system (solid line) with a sinusoidal input (dashed line) disturbing the system

1 Introduction 2 Deterministic Dynamic Programming and Viscosity Solutions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Value Functions are Viscosity Solutions 2.3 Comparison and Uniqueness 3 Stochastic Control 3.1 Some Probability Theory 3.2 Controlled State Space Models 3.3 Filtering 3.4 Dynamic Programming - Case I : Complete State Information 3.5 Dynamic Programming - Case II : Partial State Information 3.6 Two Continuous Time Problems 4 Robust Control 4.1 Introduction and Background 4.2 The Standard Problem of H∞ Control 4.3 The Solution for Linear Systems 4.4 Risk-Sensitive Stochastic Control and Robustness 5 Optimal Feedback Control of Quantum Systems 5.1 Preliminaries 5.2 The Feedback Control Problem 5.3 Conditional Dynamics 5.4 Optimal Control 5.5 Appendix: Formulas for the Two-State System with Feedback Example 6 Optimal Risk-Sensitive Feedback Control of Quantum Systems 6.1 System Model

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Typical test signals for time response of control systems 3.3 First –Order Systems 3.4 Performance of a Second-Order System 3.5 Concept of Stability 3.6 The Relative Stability of Feedback Control Systems