The question of growth is nothing new but new disguise for an age-old issue, one which has always intrigued and preoccupied economics: the present versus the future. -James Tobin If you have ever spoken with your grandparents about what their lives were like when they were young, most likely you learned an important lesson over about economics: material standards of have improved substantially over form time for most families in most countries

Economic growth‖ Is there some action a government of India could take that would lead the Indian economy to grow like Indonesia's or Egypt's? If so, what, exactly? If not, what is it about the \nature of India that makes it so? The conse- quences for human welfare involved in questions like these are simply stag- gering: Once one starts to think about them, it is hard to think about Robert E. Lucas, Jr

Aggregate Demand ll Science is a parasite: the greater the patient population the better the ad ance in physiology and pathology; and out of pathology arises therapy The year 1932 was the trough of the great depression, and from its rotten soil was belatedly begot a new subject that today we call macroeconomics In Chapter 10 we assembled the pieces of the IS-LM model. We saw that the IS curve represents the equilibrium in the market for goods and services, that the LM curve represents the equilibrium in the market for real money balances, and that the IS and LM curves together

·交易方程式的内容； ·古典的货币需求理论； ·凯恩斯的流动偏好理论； ·货币市场的均衡条件； ·LM 曲线的定义； ·LM 曲线的推导； ·利率的简单决定理论； ·LM 曲线斜率的决定因素； ·国民收入对利率变化的弹性分析； ·LM 曲线的平移

▲总需求的定义、内容； ▲总需求曲线的定义、推导、斜率和平移； ▲短期总生产函数和曲线； ▲劳动力需求曲线、劳动力供给曲线和劳动力市场的均衡； ▲短期和短期总供给曲线； ▲古典和凯恩斯主义的总供给曲线

·双重市场均衡的含义、条件以及失衡的调整过程； ·货币政策分析的一般性结论及其传导机制； ·凯恩斯主义的流动陷阱； ·财政政策分析的一般性结论及其挤出效应； ·凯恩斯主义倾向于财政政策的理由；

政府的职能； 政府支出对均衡国民收入的影响和大小； 政府税收和转移支出对均衡国民收入的影响和大小； 三部门国民收入的均衡条件； 双缺口模型； 四部门国民收入的均衡条件及其相关乘数

There is ahvays a temporary tradeoff befween inflation and unemploy from inflation per se, but from unanticipated inflation, which generally means, from a rising rate of inflation Milton friedman Most economists analyze short-run fluctuations in aggregate income and the price level using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. In the IS-LM modek hapters, we examined aggregate demand in some detail. The IS-LM model-together with its open-economy cousin the Mundell-Fleming model-shows how changes in monetary and fiscal policy and shocks to the money and goods markets shift the aggregate demand curve. In this chapter

9-1: Aggregate Supply 9-2: Aggregate Demand 9-3: Equilibrium Output in the Short and the Medium Run 9-4: The Effects of a Monetary Expansion 9-5: A Decrease in the Budget Deficit 9-6: Changes in the Price of Oil 9-7: Conclusions

7-1: The IS Relation in the open Economy 7-2: Equilibrium Output and the Trade Balance 7-3. Increases in Demand, Domestic or Foreign 7-4: Depreciation, the Trade Balance,and output 7-5: Looking at Dynamics: The J-Curve 7-6: Saving, Investment, and Trade Deficits