1. Base(s) in DNA is (are) changed to other(s), or a base(s) is (are) added or removed. 2. Rearrangements of the chromosomes occur and are also considered

复旦大学上海医学院：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源_解码生命——DNA多态性及其与医药学的关系

细胞质中能自我复制的遗传物质称胞质基 二胞质杂种的制备方法 因。现已证明,植物细胞质中的叶绿体和线粒体 为了使得胞质基因组能够重组以产生新类 都含有自己的DNA及整套的转录和翻译系型,首先要获得胞质杂种。已有研究指出,普通 统,能够合成蛋白质

染色体（chromosome）是遗传物质(基因)的载体。它由 DNA 和 蛋白质等构成，具有储存和传递遗传信息的作用。真核细胞的基因大 部分存在于细胞核内的染色体上，通过细胞分裂，基因随着染色体的 传递而传递，从母细胞传给子细胞、从亲代传给子代。各种不同生物 的染色体数目、形态、大小各具特征

Part I: Chemistry and Genetics Part II: Maintenance of the Genome Part III: Expression of the Genome Part IV: Regulation Part V: Methods

1. What is “DNA cloning”? how could you make a genomic library cloning? (30 points) 2. What is “subcloning”? What are the purposes of subcloning. (15 points)

1. Please describe the main features of the DNA structure. (10 points) Key features: (1) Double helical structure (4’) (2) Two strands are held together in an antiparallel orientation (3’) by base paring (1’)

How Important Is Cost? Reagents obviously figure into the cost of a procedure, but the labor required to produce and apply the reagents of purification should also be considered. How Important Is Reproducibility (Robustness) of the Procedure?

包括①凝胶电泳②细菌的转化和转染③核酸分子杂交④定点突变⑤PCR⑥RFLP⑦RAPD⑧DNA序列分析⑨目的基因的分离和转基因植物、转基因动物等技术

1、DNA指导的RNA合成。 2、RNA指导的RNA合成