上海交通大学：《英语文学导论 An Introduction to English Literature》课程教学资源（教学大纲）Reading Material of English Poetry

上海交通大学：《英语文学导论 An Introduction to English Literature》课程教学资源（教学大纲）Reading List of English Poetry

上海交通大学：《英语文学导论 An Introduction to English Literature》课程教学资源（阅读资料）Reading Material of English Poetry

• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

The English people are of mixed blood. At the beginning of the fifth century Britain was invaded by three tribes from the Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes

Two tendencies often occur in the process of translation. One is going after smooth reading and beautiful language at the expense of the true meaning of the original, the other is rigidly sticking to the original words, and the translation turns out to be obscure [ əb'skjuə ] 难解的,含糊的and hard to understand

1. Morphology In American English, a number of irregular verbs have become regularised, while remaining irregular in British English: a)In many instances, it is only the voicing of the past tense morpheme -(e)d which has been changed to regularise the verb:

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Chinese-English Translation  Ⅰ. Three peaks of translation in history  1. The Translation of Buddhist Classics: the First Peak  2. The translation of books on science and technology: the second peak  （科技翻译：中国的士大夫和传教士联手将欧洲的宗教、哲 学、科技和文学等“西学”介绍到中国来。）  3.The Translation of Western Classics: the Third Peak  （鸦片战争后至“五四”前的西方政治思想和文学翻译）

Thomas Hobbes 15884.5~1679.12.4) Encarta Encyclopedia, Archivo Iconografico, 5.A. Corbis English political philosopher and is best known for his treatise Leviathan Written during the mid-17th century amidst the tumult of the English