按照传统的观点，实地研究是与人类学联系在一起的，已经出现了很长一段时间。最近三四十年，实地研究日益受到教育研究者的重视。这种重视源于教育界对定性研究不断增长的兴趣。本章主要论述教育调查中的实地研究——实地调查，包括实地调查的涵义，实地调查的过程，实地调查中收集资料的方法，实地调查的注意事项以及实地调查案例。 第一节 什么是实地调查法 第二节 怎样进行实地调查 第三节 实地调查怎样收集资料 第四节 实地调查法要注意什么 第五节 实地调查法应用举例

Symbolism and Ritual It's a huge topic, it could cover a whole course 1. Two examples: a. Mariage ritual from the Kuna called\the dragging' i. Bride and groom would not choose each other, but their parents would arrange the marriage secretly. The groom's friends would traditionally surprise him and drag him down the street. (Now a days, they don't fight back so hard and they know ahead of time)

Welcome to the course, which is an introduction to cultural or sociocultural anthropology We will have two lectures and one discussion a week Most of the requirements (a final exam, series of six papers adding up to about twenty pages; at least an hour a week of discussion)is set by the MIT Humanities Distribution system

More Problems With Culture 1. The culture concept has been used and misused This notion has traveled around the world it can be considered one of Anthropology's great successes b. Culture has also been distorted 1. Assumptions that cultures have clear boundaries

1. Strength and weakness of anthropology: Anthropologists are often swayed by a single key case a. Weakness in that this is an obviously inadequate sample. No way of knowing if typical or how typical b. Strength in that rich analysis, really can tell you a lot

1.The Nuer a. Famous in anthropology long before Hutchinson's book i. The Nuer were pacified by the British colonial forces 1. After their pacification anthropologists could study them 2. Much of early anthropology was caught up in colonialism b. Studied by many, but there can't be a definitive book on their culture or any other

1. As an organizing principle for life a. We tend to think of kin as something natural biological or as having some basis beyond culture i. For example, children reuniting with birth parents b. Kinship is actually highly variable and artificial from one culture to the next

Ethnography 1. INTRO Originally people who studied cultures were amateurs who happened to either be particularly observant or who happened to travel a lot. Some of them did more or less what people did today. a. Ibn Khaldun was a famous Arab scholar who did observations of everyone, including the Vikings

More On The Nuer 1. Ghost Marriage: a woman is married to a dead man a. Among the Nuer, this kind of marriage is almost as frequent as marriage to a living man b. A living man is found to physically father a child for the dead man. TO understand this, one must distinguish between:

1. INTRO We all suffer in writing, one way or another. We have trouble writing or we get writer's block. But there are ways to go at it that are less painful. a. Divide and conquer the rules of writing. Taking them one at a time will make learning the rules earlier. i. We'll keep nagging you on your writing. Take the time to go over the comments we write on your papers