1.了解心脏视、触、叩诊的内容和具体方法。 2.熟悉心前区隆起、心前区其它部位异常搏动的临床意义;正常心界及心界的组成

一、熟悉胸膜和肺部检查中听诊的检査方法 二、掌握肺部正常听诊音及其病理状态时的病理呼吸音和罗音

黄疸的定义； 胆红素的正常代谢； 黄疸的分类； 黄疸的病因与发病机理； 黄疸的临床表现； 辅助检查； 伴随症状与问诊要点

Physical examination It is the process of examining the patient's body to determine the presence or absence of physical problems The goal of the physical examination is to obtain valid information concerning the health of the patient The examiner must be able to identify, analyze

气血津液辨证： 运用气血津液理论，对收集到的病情 资料进行分析、判断，以确定病人气血、 津液的具体病机的证型的一种辨证方法。 病因辨证重在确定疾病原因和邪气性质。 气血津液辨证着眼于邪气所引起的生命物 质的盈亏

1、八纲的概念：指表、里、寒、热、虚、实、 阴、阳八个辨证的纲领。 2、八纲辨证的概念：是医生对四诊所收集的 病情资料；运用八纲进行分析综合，从而 辨别现阶段病变部位的浅深、疾病性质的 寒热、邪正斗争的盛衰和病证类别的阴阳， 以作为辨证纲领的方法

Referred pain Because of this convergence and the fact that the spinal neurons are most often activated by inputs from the skin, activity evoked in spinal neurons by input from deep structures is mislocalized by the patient to a place that is roughly coextensive with the region of skin innervated by

1.掌握全身状态检查的内容。 2.掌握生命体征的正常值。 3.熟悉生命体征变化的临床意义 4熟悉常见的典型面容的临床意义 5.了解体型分类、营养状态的分级及异常步态的临床意义

• 呼吸困难的定义 • 呼吸困难的病因 • 呼吸困难的临床表现及发生机制 • 呼吸困难的伴随症状 • 呼吸困难的问诊要点

The writing of clinical record A patient's health record plays many important roles: It provides a view of the patient's health history/status It serves as the legal document describing the healthcare services provided to the patient It provides a method for clinical communication and care