一、多发性创伤 多发性创伤是指在同一伤因的打击下,人体同时或相继有2个以上部位或脏器受到严 重损伤。这类创伤较严重,其特点:(1)伤势重死亡率高,若多个内脏器官损伤或出血 可迅速导致死亡;(2)不同的器官创伤可以互相影响,创伤反应较单一者,创伤更为复 杂、持久、显著;(3)伤情变化快,并发症多,致残率高(4)容易漏诊和误诊,表面 可见的组织损毁常常掩盖了内脏损伤的及时诊断

Part 12: Pediatric Advanced Life Support contrast to adults, sudden cardiac arrest in children is with other signs and symptoms consistent with inadequate ncommon, and cardiac arrest does not usually result from tissue oxygen delivery a primary cardiac cause. More often it is the terminal event The most common cause of shock is hypovolemia, one of progressive respiratory failure or shock

Electric shock and lightning strike injuries result from the Lightning can also have widespread effects on the cardio- direct effects of current on the heart and brain and on cell vascular system, producing extensive catecholamine release membranes and vascular smooth muscle. Additional injuries or autonomic

lectrolyte abnormalities are commonly associated with inflammatory agents). Additional treatment is based on the cardiovascular emergencies. These abnormalities may everity of the hyperkalemia and its clinical consequences cause or contribute to cardiac arrest and may hinder resusci-

Asthma accounts for >2 million emergency department Primary Therapy visits and 5000 to 6000 deaths annually in the United Orygen States, many occurring in the prehospital setting. Severe Provide oxygen to all patients with severe asthma, even those

wning is a leading preventable cause of unintentional been found to be clinically significant. The most important morbidity and mortality. Although this chapter focuses factors that determine outcome of drowning are the duration on treatment, prevention is possible, and pool fencing has and severity of the hypoxia

asic and advanced life support for the trauma patient are effective and whether they adversely delay transport to, and fundamentally the same as that for the patient with a definitive management at, a hospital or emergency depart primary cardiac arrest, with focus on support of airway, ment(ED)

Acute Coronary Syndromes cute myocardial infarction (AMD and unstable angina rest \and Part 7.3: \Management of Symptomatic Brady- ollec-cardia and Tachycardia\) An overview of recommended care for the ACS patient is illustrated in Figure 1, the Acute Coronary Syndromes

Part 7.4: Monitoring and medications is section provides an overview of monitoring techniques carbia (and therefore the adequacy of ventilation during and medications that may be useful during CPR and in the CPR), or tissue acidosis. This conclusion is supported by I mediate prearrest and postarrest settings. case series(LOE 5)and 10 case reports 0-l9 that showed that arterial blood gas values are an inaccurate indicator of the Monitoring Immediately Before, During

Frhythms produce pulseless cardiac arrest: ventricular effective for fluid resuscitation, drug delivery, and blood fibrillation (VF), rapid ventricular tachycardia (VT), sampling for laboratory evaluation, and is attainable in all age useless electrical activity(PEA), and asystole. Surviva