Chapter one 1. Definition of language There is no universally accepted definition of language. But one definition is more popular language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.(语言是人类用 来交际的具有任意性的语音符号体系。)

Why use phonemic symbols? The alphabet which we use to write English has 26 letters but (British) English has 44 sounds. Inevitably, English spelling is not a reliable guide to pronunciation because Some letters have more than one sound Sometimes letters are not pronounced at all The same sound may be represented by different letters

English Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s) The English consonants can be classified according to place of articulation manner of articulation

Vowelsstylised oral cavitycoordinates to marktongue height

In addition to the 'pure vowels' (ones where the tongue positioning is fairly static) shown above there is also the set of vowel diphthongs. These are effectively long vowels during which the tongue moves to produce a definite change of quality during the sound. In phonetic transcription we usually use a pair of linked symbols for each diphthong - one indicating the quality of the sound at the start of the vowel, and the other indicating its quality as it ends. Examples of diphthongs are found in words like 'boy', 'hear', 'may', 'my

English vowels & vowel classification The English pure vowels can be classified according to the height of the raised part of the tongue the part of the tongue raised the position of the lips

Unit Two: Stops What are stop consonants? How to discriminate and pronounce stop consonants correctly? Introducing yourself Learning Objectives

Objectives of the CourseThis course is intended to help the students toimprove their English pronunciation, includingsuch elements as （1) the correct pronunciation of individualphonemes and words in English （2) the rhythmic patterns of the English language （3) patterns and functions of English intonation,so that the students will be able to communicate moreeffectively with good pronunciation and intonation

1.1概述 一、输入设备的作用 将字符、图形、图象、语音等信息转换成电脉冲信息,送入主机进行加工处理

8.1键盘及其接口 8.2显示器接口 8.3打印机接口 8.4拨码盘及语音接口