第一节 遗传变异的物质基础 第二节 基因突变和诱变育种 第三节 基因重组 第四节 基因工程 第五节 菌种的衰退、复壮和保藏

随着人类的进化,为了揭示生命的奥秘,人们越来越注重遗 传学的研究,特别是遗传特征的逐代传播,已引起人们广泛 的注意。无论是人,还是动、植物都会将本身的特征遗传给 下一代,这主要是因为后代继承了双亲的基因,形成自己的 基因对,由基因又确定了后代所表现的特征

蛋白质的生物合成，即翻译，就是将核酸中由4种核苷酸序列编码的遗传信息，通过遗传密码破译的方式解读为蛋白质一级结构中20种氨基酸的排列顺序

Introduction What is Medical Genetics? Genetic disease Role of Medical Genetics in Medical Education

一、基本概念 生物的个体和各代之间存在着种种差异,我们通常称之为变异(variation )。基于染色体和基因的变异才能够遗传,而遗传变异称为突变(mutation) 突变的发生及其过程就是致突变作用( mutagenesis)突变可分为自发突变 (natural或 sporadic mutation)和诱发突变(induced mutation)各物种的自 发突变频率较低,而诱发突变比较常见,诱发突变指由于物理、化学、生物等环 境因素引起的突变

微生物的遗传及物质基础 微生物的变异及应用

Medical Genetics The normal 46 chromosomes in our body are contained in the center of the cell, which is called the nucleus. Mitochondria are structures in the cell located outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, that also contain genes that are separate from the ones in the nucleus

Medical Genetics Multifactorial inheritance is responsible for the greatest number of individuals that will need special care or hospitalization because of genetic diseases

Some disorders result when a mutation causes the product of a single gene to be altered or missing. These disorders are inherited in simple patterns similar to or identical with those described by Mendel for certain discrete characteristics in garden peas. Therefore, it’s also called Mendelian diseases

Medical Genetics Introduction What is Medical Genetics? Genetic disease Role of Medical Genetics in Medical Education