8-2同余式 8.2.1有理整数环中的同余的定义 定义8.5设m是一个正整数,若a,b∈Z,且ba∈(m),亦即m(b-a),则 称b与a模m同余,记作b=a(modm)。不难得到,b与a模m同余就是它们用m做带 余除法所得的余数相同。整数模m同余为一等价关系,验证如下:

Explain or explore something, (e. g, process of make a machine, the causes of a natural or ocial phenomenon, the planning of a project, or a solution of a problem) Description mainly deal with appearance and feelings, and narration with events and experiences, unlike the two, the exposition mainly deals with relationships as well as processes

一、A型选择题 1.维生素A理论上有几种立体异构体 A.4种 B.8种 C.16种 D.32种 E.64种 2.已经得到的维生素A立体异构体有几种 A.2种 B.4种 C.6种 D.8种 E.10种

9.1.1(单项选择)三阶行列式:-142的值为() A.6B.5C.8D.12 (难度:A;水平:a) (-200) 9.1.2(单项选择)矩阵A=310叫做( )。 041 A.单位矩阵B.对角方阵C.上三角阵D.下三角阵(难度:B;水平:b)-121

定理3.4.1若AcR\,BcR”,且均可测,则A×B={(a,b)|a∈A,b∈B} R\×R为可测集,且m(A×B)= mAXmB 证明1)若区间IcR\,I2cR,则显然I×I2为R\×R中的区间,从 而可测。且|I×12|=|I|×|I2|

6-2相量法的基本知识 一、复数 (1)代数形式A=a+jba—实部b—虚部 a=R[A]=R[a+jb]R取实部 b=m=mla+jm取虚部 一个复数可以表示在复平面上

There are many concepts that are used in fuzzy logic that sometimes become useful when studying fuzzy control. The following problems introduce some of the more popular fuzzy logic oncepts that were not treated earlier in the chapter or were treated only briefly (a)The complement(\not )of a fuzzy set with a membership function has a membership function given by A(x)=1-u(x). Sketch the complement of the fuzzy set shown in Figure 2.6 on page 30 (b)There are other ways to def ine the\triangular norm\for representing

2-3.解：设事件 A 为女孩是大学生；设事件 B 为女孩身高 1.6 米以上，根据题意 可知 P(A)＝0.25 P(B)＝0.5 P(B/A)=0.75 “身高 1.6 米以上的某女孩是大学生”这消息表明是在 B 事件发生的条件 下，A 事件发生。所以其概率为P(A/B)

Definition A tree is a collection of nodes. The collection can be empty: otherwise, a tree consists of (1) a distinguished node r, called the root; (2)and zero or more nonempty(sub)trees T1,., Tk, each of whose roots are connected by a directed edge from r Note:

The location of the dehydration factory must be considered very carefully, because, whereas at one time proximity to the source of raw materials was of paramount importance, availability of an adequate labour force and the provision for effluent disposal will, perhaps, constitute a more pressing requirement. A rural environment is obviously better than a location in a highly industrialised area, because the operation involves the utilisation of a considerable amount