《有机化学》课程参考资料（打印版）静态立体化学

《有机化学》课程参考资料（打印版）结构和表达

《有机化学》课程参考资料（打印版）化合物类名

《有机化学》课程参考资料（打印版）反应和反应机理

《有机化学》课程参考资料（打印版）电子效应

《有机化学》课程参考资料（打印版）常用理论总结

he next several chapters deal with the chemistry of various oxygen-containing functional groups. The interplay of these important classes of compounds-alco- hols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and derivatives of carboxylic acids-is fundamental to organic chemistry and biochemistry

this chapter and the next we extend our coverage of conjugated systems to include arenes. Arenes are hydrocarbons based on the benzene ring as a structural unit. Ben- are zene, toluene, and naphthalene, for example, are arenes

N ow that we're familiar with the structure and preparation of alkenes, let's look at their chemical reactions. The characteristic reaction of alkenes is addition to the double bond according to the general equation:

the preceding chapter the special stability of benzene was described, along with reac- tions in which an aromatic ring was present as a substituent. In the present chapter we move from considering the aromatic ring as a substituent to studying it as a functional