15.1 Populations, Guilds, and Communities 15.2 Environments and Microenvironments 环境与微环境 15.3 Microbial Growth on Surfaces and Biofilms 表面生长与生物膜 15.4 Terrestrial Environments 15.5 Freshwater habitats 淡水生境 15.6. Marine Microbiology

13.15 Fermentations: Energetic and redox consideration 13.16 Fermentative Diversity 13.17 Fermentations lacking substrate level phosphorylation 13.18 Anaerobic respiration: : General Principles 13.19 Nitrate reduction and Denitrification硝酸还原与反硝化 13.20 Sulfate Reduction 硫还原 13.21 Methanogenesis 产甲烷过程 13.22 Other Electron Acceptors

(Axial tension & Compression, Shear) §2-1 轴向拉压的概念及实例 (Concepts and examples of axial tension & compression) 第二章 轴向拉伸和压缩 Chapter2 Axial Tension and Compression §2-2 内力计算 (Calculation of internal force) §2-3 应力及强度条件 (Stress and strength condition) §2-4 材料在拉伸和压缩时的力学性能 (Material properties in axial tension and compression) §2-5 拉压杆的变形计算 (Calculation of axial deformation) §2-6 拉压超静定问题 (Statically indeterminate problem of axially loaded members) §2-7 剪切变形(Shear deformation)

4.8 Energy Conservation 4.9 Glycolysis as an example of fermentation 糖酵解 4.10 Respiration and membrane associated electron carriers Aerobic respiration-oxygen as terminal electron acceptor有氧呼吸 Anaerobic respiration-other substances as acceptors无氧呼吸 4.11 ENERGY CONSERVATION FROM THE PROTON MOTIVE FORCE 4.12 Carbon Flow in Respiration: the citric acid cycle 三羧酸循环 4.13 Catabolic Alternatives分解代谢的多样性

I. Ointments II. Compendial requirements for ointments III. Creams IV. Gels V. Miscellaneous semisolid preparations: pastes and plasters VI. Features and use of dermatologic preparations VII. Features and use of ophthalmic ointments and gels VIII. Features and use of nasal ointments and gels IX. Features and use of rectal preparations X. Features and use of vaginal preparations

1. Solubility 2. Some Solvents for Liquid Preparations 3. Preparation of Solutions 4. Oral Solutions and Preparations for Oral Solution 5. Syrups 6. Elixirs 7. Tinctures 8. Proper Administration and Use of Liquid Peroral Dosage Forms 9. Topical Solutions and Tinctures 10. Vaginal and Rectal Solutions 11. Topical Tinctures 12. Topical Oral (Dental) Solutions 13. Miscellaneous Solutions 14. Nonaqueous Solutions 15. Extraction Methods for Preparing Solutions

I. Factors affecting percutaneous absorption II. Percutaneous absorption enhancer III. Design features of transdermal drug delivery system IV. Percutaneous absorption model V. Advantages and disadvantages of TDDSs VI. Examples of transdermal drug deliver systems VII. General clinical considerations in the use of TDDSs

• Introduction • The characteristics of the biotech products • Techniques used to produce biotechnologic products • The pharmaceutical concerns of biotech drug • Products of Biotechnology • The future of the biotech products

1) orally, conveniently carried, readily identified, and easily taken 2) compared with equivalent doses of a liquid medication, accurate dosing, most tasteless when swallowed 3) readily identified 4) Prescribing flexibility (a variety of dosage strengths) 5) from a pharmaceutic standpoint, solid dosage forms are • efficiently and productively manufactured • packaged and shipped by manufacturers at lower cost and with less breakage than comparable liquid forms • more stable, have a longer shelf-life than their liquid counterparts

• 1. Introduction • 2.Topical Administration • 3.Oral Administration • 4.Vaginal Administration • 5.Ophthalmics • 6.Parenteral Administration • 7.Peglated Dosage Forms • 8.Fusion Protein • 9.Implants • 10.Other Novel Delivery Systems