Bacteria that cause: Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Infection Viruses that cause: Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Infection Fungi that cause: Respiratory Infection

Manifestations of Infection: Signs and symptoms vary according to the site and severity of infection. Diagnosis requires a composite of information, including history, physical examination, radiographic findings, and laboratory data. Microbial Causes of Infection: Infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The pathogen may be exogenous (acquired from environmental or animal sources or from other persons) or endogenous (from the normal flora)

Wang Xiaochuan Children’s Hospital Immunocompromised Host Individual who has one or more defects in the body’s natural defense mechanisms which are sufficiently severe to predispose the host to life￾threatening infection Primary - PID, damage to anatomical barriers Secondary - infection, tumor, drug, others Physiology- Infants, aged

Bacteremia and Septicemia Bacteremia: a more benign infection with entrance of bacteria into the bloodstream, but in limited quantities. Septicemia: an overwhelming infection with more organism or more virulent organisms that is likely to lead to shock or other complications

17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

外科感染(surgical infection)是指需要外科治疗的感染，包括创伤、手术、烧伤等并发的感染。感染是由病原体的入侵、滞留和繁殖而引起，病原体包括病毒、细菌、真菌和原虫等

水稻侵染性病害( Rice infection disease)全世界报道近200种,其中真菌病害140余种,细 菌病害12种,病毒及类菌原体病害22种以及与水稻有关的寄生线虫30余种。中国已发现的 真菌病害50余种,细菌病害6种,病毒及类菌原体1种,线虫病害4种。在辽宁和吉林省已 发现侵染性病害有20多种,但在黑龙江省只发现10余种。全世界引起巨大损失的主要有稻瘟 病、纹枯病、稻白叶枯病和东格鲁病

病原物侵染过程(infection process)就是病原物与 寄主植物可侵染部位接触,并侵入寄主植物,在植 物内繁殖和扩展,然后发生致病作用,显示病害症 状的过程,也是植物个体遭受病原物侵染后的发病 过程。 ·侵染过程一般分为四个时期:接触期、侵入期、 潜育期、发病期。 第一节 接触期 contact phase 第二节 侵入期 第三节 潜育期 第四节 发病期 symptom appearance phase

Amoebiasis Amoebiasis is a disease of the large intestine resulting from infection with the protozoan entamoeba histolytica

susceptible host, a series of coordinated events must rcumvent both innate and adaptive immunity. One of the first and most important features of host innate immunity is the barrier provided by the epithelial surfaces of the skin and the lining of the gut. The difficulty of penetrat- ing these epithelial barriers ensures that most pathogens never gain productive entry into the host. In addition to pro viding a physical barrier to infection, the epithelia also pro duce chemicals that are useful in