第10章 基因决定人类对世界的认知 第十章 感知世界科学实践 10.Sensing the world and science practice 1. Incomplete sensing and the true cause and results 不完整的感知与真实的因果关系 2.Opinion or Facts？ 观点与事实-人类的预期 3.The Core of Scientific Research 科学研究的本质 4.Lies and Pseudoscience 202 谎言与伪科学
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科学：人类认识世的思想印 by numbers Decision-making in animal groups 动物群体如何做出决定 nature FISH COURSE
动物群体如何做出决定
1、不完整的感知与真实的因果关系 眼的进化与发育
眼的进化与发育
a)Region of photosensitive cells b)Depressed/folded area allows 光的感知 limited directional sensitiv ity 感光点 有限感知光的方向 Photoreceptors Nerve 软体动物眼的进化与发育： fibres ◆获知更多事实是生存 竞争的需要 孔式精细感知光的 封闭增加折射率 ?方向 Retina Area of Transparent photoreceptors/ humor retina 镜头晶体增加图像 角膜与可调镜头晶体 范围和精度 Lens Comea Aqueou humor Come Lens Optic nerv e Iris Retina Vitreous humor
光的感知 软体动物眼的进化与发育： u获知更多事实是生存 竞争的需要 感光点 有限感知光的方向 孔式精细感知光的 方向 封闭增加折射率 镜头晶体增加图像 范围和精度 角膜与可调镜头晶体
1、不完整的感知与真实的因果关系 Cave shrimp with lost eyes
Cave shrimp with lost eyes
2、观点与事实-人类的预期 Science 30 November 2012: <Prev Table of Contents Next Vol.338n0.6111pp.1202-1205 D0:10.1126/science.1225266 Read Full Text to Comment(0) REPORT 脑功能行使的大规模模型 A Large-Scale Model of the Functioning Brain Chris Eliasmith-,Terrence C.Stewart,Xuan Choo,Trevor Bekolay,Travis DeWolf,Yichuan Tang, Daniel Rasmussen ±Author Affiliations -'To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail:celiasmith @uwaterloo.ca ABSTRACT A central challenge for cognitive and systems neuroscience is to relate the incredibly complex behavior of animals to the equally complex activity of their brains.Recently described,large-scale neural models have not bridged this gap between neural activity and biological function.In this work,we present a 2.5-million- neuron model of the brain(called "Spaun")that bridges this gap by exhibiting many different behaviors.The model is presented only with visual image sequences,and it draws all of its responses with a physically modeled arm.Although simplified,the model captures many aspects of neuroanatomy,neurophysiology, and psychological behavior,which we demonstrate via eight diverse tasks
脑功能行使的大规模模型
2、观点与事实-人类的预期 A Large-Scale Model of the A PPC Functioning Brain DLPFC 01 科学杂志2012 VLPFC thalamus OFC 脑的感受与行动 V1-V2V4 AIT 感受系统 处理系统 B Working Memory 记忆系统 回报系统 Visual Information Transform Rewrard information Motor Motor input Encoding Calculation Evaluation Decoding Processing Cutput 行动选择 Action Selection =hierarchy
A Large-Scale Model of the Functioning Brain 科学杂志 2012
2、观点与事实-人类的预期 Examples? Facts Opinion
Examples? Facts Opinion
3、科学研究的本质 科学寻求自然规律-创造新知识 Scale of the Universe Branches of Science Hierarchy of Science Porallel Universes? Earth Sociology Astronomy Space law ethics. pionetary sclence. 1027 Visible Universe econamics cosmology 1024 104 Psychology Geoscience Milky Way Social climote.geology. 108 Science cognitive oceanogrophy 1015 10 Solar System Functional Biology physiofogy.medicine.ecolopy 109 Life 105 Earth Science Cellular Biology biochemistry evolutionary biblagy 1000 1 Human Chemistry Physical materials chercaf reoctlons 0.001 106 Cell Science Physics porticle physies thermodynamics 109 Atom 102 Mathematics Formal 10-15 Particle computer sclence,statisties Science String Theory? Logic reasoning.philosophy
科学寻求自然规律-创造新知识
4、谎言与伪科学 维基百科文章编辑中的各类编辑者2004-2011 Composition of sample new editors 100.00% 75.00% 50.00% 25.00% 0.00 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Good faith Vandalism Spam Sockpuppets
维基百科文章编辑中的各类编辑者 2004-2011