Chapter 10 MotivationMotivation and individual needsEarlytheoriesofmotivationContemporary theories of motivationContemporaryissues in motivation
Chapter 10 Motivation Motivation and individual needs Early theories of motivation Contemporary theories of motivation Contemporary issues in motivation
Motivationis the willingnesstoexert high levels of effort to reachorganizational goals,conditionedbythe effort'sability to satisfy someindividualneedNeed issome internal state thatmakescertainoutcomesappearattractive
Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need. Need is some internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive
ReductionSearchofSatisfiedUnsatisfiedTensionDrivesbehaviorneedtensionneedExhibit 10-1 The Motivation Process
Exhibit 10-1 The Motivation Process Unsatisfied need Tension Drives Search behavior Satisfied need Reduction of tension
Early Theories of MotivationMaslow'shierarchyof needstheoryMcGregor'stheoryXandtheoryYHerzberg'motivation-hygienetheory
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory McGregor’s theory X and theory Y Herzberg’ motivation-hygiene theory Early Theories of Motivation
Self-actualizationEsteemSocialSafetyPhysiologicalExhibitl0-2Maslow'sHierarcyofNeeds
Exhibit10-2 Maslow’s Hierarcy of Needs Selfactualization Esteem Social Safety Physiological
Theory XTheoryXofferedbyMcGregorassumesthat employees dislike work, are lazy,seek to avoid responsibility,and mustbe coerced to perform.It is a negativeview aboutpeople
Theory X Theory X offered by McGregor assumes that employees dislike work, are lazy, seek to avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. It is a negative view about people
A managerwho view employees from a Theory Xperspectivebelieves:Employees inherentlydislikeworkand,wheneverpossible, will attempt to avoid it.Because employees dislike work,they must becoerced,controlled,or threatenedwith punishmenttoachieve desired goals.Employees will shirk responsibilities and seekformaldirection wheneverpossible.Most works place security above all other factorsassociated with work and will display little ambition
A manager who view employees from a Theory X perspective believes: Employees inherently dislike work and, whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it. Because employees dislike work, they must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve desired goals. Employees will shirk responsibilities and seek formal direction whenever possible. Most works place security above all other factors associated with work and will display little ambition
TheoryYTheoryYassumesthat employeesarecreative,seekresponsibility,andcanexercise self-direction.It is a positiveviewaboutpeople
Theory Y Theory Y assumes that employees are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction. It is a positive view about people
A managerwho viewemployeesfromaTheory Yperspectivebelieves:Employees can view work as being as naturalas rest or playMenand womenwill exercise self-directionand self-control if they are committed to theobjectivesThe average person can learn to accept, evenseek,responsibilityTheabilityto make good decisions widelydispersed throughoutthe population andisnot necessarily the sole province of managers
A manager who view employees from a Theory Y perspective believes: Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play Men and women will exercise self-direction and self-control if they are committed to the objectives The average person can learn to accept, even seek, responsibility The ability to make good decisions widely dispersed throughout the population and is not necessarily the sole province of managers
Herzberg'Motivation-hygiene TheoryMotivation-hygieneTheoryassumesthat intrinsic factors are related to jobsatisfactionandextrinsicfactors arerelatedtojob dissatisfaction
Herzberg’ Motivation-hygiene Theory Motivation-hygiene Theory assumes that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction