《高职高专英语》课程教学资源（试卷习题）试题二十六及答案.doc_大学文库

Passage 1 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards", and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的)“ drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to reward"the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement switched on"a display of light -and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance two left or two right or even to make as many as three turns to one side Papousek 's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would smile and bubble"when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem in mastering the skill and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control 21. According to the author, babies learn to do things which A)are directly related to pleasure B)will meet their physical needs C)will bring them a feeling of success D)will satisfy their curiosity 22 Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby A)would make learned responses when it saw the milk B)would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk D)would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink 23. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to A)have the lights turned on B)be rewarded with milk C)please their parents

Passage 1 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of light—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. 21.According to the author, babies learn to do things which ___. A) are directly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needs C) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity 22.Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ___. A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink 23.In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ___. A) have the lights turned on B) be rewarded with milk C) please their parents

24.The babies would smile and bubble"at the lights because A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives the sight of the lights was interesting C)they need not turn back to watch the light eeded in“ switching on” the lights 25. According to papousek 's, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of A)a basic human desire to understand and control the world B)the satisfaction of certain physiological needs C)their strong desire to solve complex problem D)a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills Passage 2 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage The pollution of Hong Kong's beaches by oil from a damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incident which took place in Britain in 1967 when the Torrey anyon, a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster in coastal areas. Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled with oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks. As a result of this particular incident scientists are becoming restless at the thought of Britain's inability to cope with national disasters on a large scale. The reason for their concern is that technology is rapidly outstripping(t)man,s ability to control Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed to get bigger and bigger without sufficient thought being given to emergency braking and manoeuvring arrangement. Collisions at sea continue but little effect has been made to develop safety devices as effective as those used for aircraft Scientists were outspoken in expressing their concern during a recent meeting of the British Association. Unanimous approval was voiced when the leadin speaker urged that a permanent national rescue services should be established equipped for any emergency and ready to move off immediately Of all the possible disasters mentioned the one promoting most discussion a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station. One does not a particularly vivid imagination to visualize the other possibilities discussed What would be the effect of a jumbo-jet crashing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids? Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form of collapse? Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashed unseen into a large reservoir dams can burst abnormal conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts An intensive study of such possibilities could at least reduce the effects of future disasters. For example, it would mean that a number of technical alternative (such as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing oil) could be

D) be praised 24.The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ___. A) the lights were directly related to some basic “drives” B) the sight of the lights was interesting C) they need not turn back to watch the light D) they succeeded in “switching on” the lights 25.According to papousek’s, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of ___. A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs C) their strong desire to solve complex problem D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills Passage 2 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The pollution of Hong Kong’s beaches by oil from a damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incident which took place in Britain in 1967 when the Torrey Canyon, a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster in coastal areas. Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled with oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks. As a result of this particular incident scientists are becoming restless at the thought of Britain’s inability to cope with national disasters on a large scale. The reason for their concern is that technology is rapidly outstripping (超越)man’s ability to control it. Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed to get bigger and bigger without sufficient thought being given to emergency braking and manoeuvring arrangement. Collisions at sea continue, but little effect has been made to develop safety devices as effective as those used for aircraft. Scientists were outspoken in expressing their concern during a recent meeting of the British Association. Unanimous approval was voiced when the leading speaker urged that a permanent national rescue services should be established, equipped for any emergency and ready to move off immediately. Of all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussion was a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station. One does not need a particularly vivid imagination to visualize the other possibilities discussed. What would be the effect of a jumbo-jet crashing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids? Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form of collapse? Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashed unseen into a large reservoir? Dams can burst, abnormal conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts. An intensive study of such possibilities could at least reduce the effects of future disasters. For example, it would mean that a number of technical alternatives (such as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing oil) could be

examined and tested in advance so that specially trained expert would know exactly what action was needed in a given emergency. 26. The main idea of the second paragraph is that A) safety precautions in aircraft are not as effective as those used on ships B)modern oil tankers can stop or turn easily in spite of their size C) there are now fewer collisions at sea because of modern safety devices D)oil tankers are so big that special devices are needed 27. The idea of a permanent national rescue service was welcomed by of those present at the meeting of the British Association. A)all B)the most outspoken C)some D)most 28. In the fourth paragraph the writer states that A)on one occasion radioactivity escaped from a nuclear power station B)an areoplane carrying destroying liquids might crash into chemical plant c) lorry once crashed into a reservoir D)a terrible accident could happen in a nuclear power station 29. The main idea of the final paragraph is that A)in an emergency all the technical alternations should be studied B)experts should be specially trained to determine the exact difference veen detergent and chal C) we ought to decide what measures to take before a disaster occurs D) technical experts should be examined and tested to see whether they are capable of selecting the right course of action in a future emergency 30 Of the following suggested titles the one most accurately summing up the passage Is A)The Dangers of Modern Technology B)The Problem of Oil Pollution C)Some Interesting Accidents D)A Meeting of the British Association Passage 3 Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage Each for its own reason, the study of residential mo bil ity has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and geography. For the economist, residential shifts provide a means for studying the housing and land markets Geographers study mobility to understand the spatial distributions of population types. For the sociologist, interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life. Of course there are clearly overlapping concerns and it is often difficult to discern the disciplinary origins of a researcher by sole examining the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility

examined and tested in advance so that specially trained expert would know exactly what action was needed in a given emergency. 26.The main idea of the second paragraph is that ___. A) safety precautions in aircraft are not as effective as those used on ships. B) modern oil tankers can stop or turn easily in spite of their size C) there are now fewer collisions at sea because of modern safety devices D) oil tankers are so big that special devices are needed 27.The idea of a permanent national rescue service was welcomed by ___ of those present at the meeting of the British Association. A) all B) the most outspoken C) some D) most 28.In the fourth paragraph the writer states that ___. A) on one occasion radioactivity escaped from a nuclear power station B) an areoplane carrying destroying liquids might crash into chemical plant C) a lorry once crashed into a reservoir D) a terrible accident could happen in a nuclear power station 29.The main idea of the final paragraph is that ___. A) in an emergency all the technical alternations should be studied B) experts should be specially trained to determine the exact difference between detergent and chalk C) we ought to decide what measures to take before a disaster occurs D) technical experts should be examined and tested to see whether they are capable of selecting the right course of action in a future emergency 30.Of the following suggested titles the one most accurately summing up the passage is ___. A) The Dangers of Modern Technology B) The Problem of Oil Pollution C) Some Interesting Accidents D) A Meeting of the British Association Passage 3 Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and geography. For the economist, residential shifts provide a means for studying the housing and land markets. Geographers study mobility to understand the spatial distributions of population types. For the sociologist, interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other, from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life. “Of course, there are clearly overlapping concerns and it is often difficult to discern the disciplinary origins of a researcher by sole examining the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility

although it is usually easier to identify a researcher's discipling by noting the methods used and the concepts employed Urban mobility first appears in the sociological literature as a term expressing rather generalized qualities of urban, as opposed the non urban life. Some sociologists refer to the mobility of the city as the considerable sum of myriad and incessant sources of stimulation impinging upon the urban dweller, a sort of sensory overload which produces sophistication indifference and a lowered level of affection in urban dwellers. there is simply so much to experience that the urban dwellers capacity is reduced to react in a"spontaneous"and"natural way to urban existence. It is mobility in this sense that produces some of the special qualities of urban life, which, on the other hand appeal to migrants as an escape from the dullness and oppression of rural existence with its lack of change and stimulation, and on the other hand produces anomie and alienation in a society where men see each other primarily as means to ends rather than as ends in themselves. of course, mo bility in this larger sense of sensory overload is not a concept which lends itself easily to measurement especially since it is a macro-system property. 31. Geographers who study mobility are most probably interested in A)KZK(# ]the fact that people of different nationalities or ethnical groups reside in different places B)why people of one type prefer to isolate themselves from those of another C) peculiar characteristics of people from different countries in choosing living places D) what types of people like to move frequently and why they keep changing their living places 32. According to the passage, examining the kinds of questions research ra ises about mobility is A)not an ideal way to identify his or her disciplinary origin B)easier than noting the methods used and the concepts employed C) the only way to discern the disciplines he or she applied D) too difficult to be used in finding out his or her disciplinary origins 33. Some sociologists believe that sensory overload"(Para. 2) A)produces the dullness and oppression of rural existence B)is responsible for some of evil characteristics of urban dwellers C)is the result of the mobility of the city D)appeals to non urban dwellers According to the passage in a society where there is anomie and alienation people A)can discern other people s shortcomings but not their owns B)hold hostile views to others C)take advantage of others to achieve their own purposes D)are willing to help each other

although it is usually easier to identify a researcher’s discipling by noting the methods used and the concepts employed.” Urban mobility first appears in the sociological literature as a term expressing rather generalized qualities of urban, as opposed the non urban life. Some sociologists refer to the mobility of the city as the considerable sum of myriad and incessant sources of stimulation impinging upon the urban dweller, a sort of sensory overload which produces sophistication, indifference and a lowered level of affection in urban dwellers. There is simply so much to experience that the urban dweller’s capacity is reduced to react in a “spontaneous” and “natural” way to urban existence. It is mobility in this sense that produces some of the special qualities of urban life, which, on the other hand, appeal to migrants as an escape from the dullness and oppression of rural existence with its lack of change and stimulation, and on the other hand, produces anomie and alienation in a society where men see each other primarily as means to ends rather than as ends in themselves. Of course, mobility in this larger sense of sensory overload is not a concept which lends itself easily to measurement, especially since it is a macro-system property. 31.Geographers who study mobility are most probably interested in ___. A) 〖ZK(#〗the fact that people of different nationalities or ethnical groups reside in different places B) why people of one type prefer to isolate themselves from those of another type C) peculiar characteristics of people from different countries in choosing living places. D) what types of people like to move frequently and why they keep changing their living places. 32.According to the passage, examining the kinds of questions research ra ises about mobility is ___. A) not an ideal way to identify his or her disciplinary origin B) easier than noting the methods used and the concepts employed C) the only way to discern the disciplines he or she applied D) too difficult to be used in finding out his or her disciplinary origins 33.Some sociologists believe that “sensory overload”(Para.2) ___. A) produces the dullness and oppression of rural existence B) is responsible for some of evil characteristics of urban dwellers C) is the result of the mobility of the city D) appeals to non urban dwellers 34.According to the passage, in a society where there is anomie and alienation, people ___. A) can discern other people’s shortcomings but not their owns B) hold hostile views to others C) take advantage of others to achieve their own purposes D) are willing to help each other

35.The words"spontaneous"and"natural( Para. 2) indicate that A)urban people lack creativity and originality B)urban people are clever than rural people C)urban life is colorful and interesting D) urban existence is full of change and stimulation Passage 4 Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage It is in the joints of human body that movements of the bones take place. The movement itself is caused by the pull of sheets and cords of very tough tissue (zh !)called muscle. Muscle tissue has the special ability to shorten itself so that the bone on which it pulls has to move. When muscle tissue shortens, it also bunches up('it). Muscle tissue covers the body in sheets, and bands that lie between the skin and the skeleton the bones are the framework of the body but the muscles fill out the body shape. Most muscles extend from one bone to another. When the muscle between the bones shortens one bone has to move The point where the muscle is fastened to the unmoving bone is called the origin of the muscle, whereas the point where the muscle is fastened to the bone that is to be moved is called the insertion sometimes the muscle is not attache directly to the bone but to a tough, nonstretchable cord, or tendon that is attached to the bone Muscles do not push; they can only pull. to bend the arm at the elbow, the muscle at the front of the upper arm has to shorten and bunch up. To unbend the arm other muscles in the back of the arm have to shorten these two sets of muscles-the front and back -are said to act in opposition to each other. then one set is working, the other set is usually relaxed. But there are times hen both of them work. Sometimes muscles are called upon to do more than simply pull in one direction. They may have to perfo m a turning motion To be ble to do this, the muscle must be attached to the bone at an angle. By pulling the muscle can cause the bone to pivot 36. According to the passage, movement occurs when a muscle A)grows)shortens C)relaxes)pushes 37. The point at which a muscle is attached to the bone that moves is called the A)source)insertion C)tendon) diaphragm 38. The phrase called upon"in line 12 is close in meaning to which of the following? A)Required. B)Visited C) Permitted. D)Subjected 39. The passage implies that reversing the muscle bone movement used to bend an arm requires

35.The words “spontaneous” and “natural”(Para.2) indicate that ___. A) urban people lack creativity and originality B) urban people are clever than rural people C) urban life is colorful and interesting D) urban existence is full of change and stimulation Passage 4 Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. It is in the joints of human body that movements of the bones take place. The movement itself is caused by the pull of sheets and cords of very tough tissue(组织)called muscle. Muscle tissue has the special ability to shorten itself so that the bone on which it pulls has to move. When muscle tissue shortens, it also bunches up(凸起).Muscle tissue covers the body in sheets, and bands that lie between the skin and the skeleton. The bones are the framework of the body, but the muscles fill out the body shape. Most muscles extend from one bone to another. When the muscle between the bones shortens, one bone has to move. The point where the muscle is fastened to the unmoving bone is called the origin of the muscle, whereas the point where the muscle is fastened to the bone that is to be moved is called the insertion. Sometimes the muscle is not attached directly to the bone but to a tough, nonstretchable cord, or tendon that is attached to the bone. Muscles do not push; they can only pull. To bend the arm at the elbow, the muscle at the front of the upper arm has to shorten and bunch up. To unbend the arm, other muscles in the back of the arm have to shorten. These two sets of muscles—the front and back—are said to act in opposition to each other. When one set is working, the other set is usually relaxed. But there are times when both of them work. Sometimes muscles are called upon to do more than simply pull in one direction. They may have to perform a turning motion. To be able to do this, the muscle must be attached to the bone at an angle. By pulling, the muscle can cause the bone to pivot. 36.According to the passage, movement occurs when a muscle ___. A) growsB) shortens C) relaxesD) pushes 37.The point at which a muscle is attached to the bone that moves is called the ___. A) sourceB) insertion C) tendonD) diaphragm 38.The phrase “called upon” in line 12 is close in meaning to which of the following? A) Required.B) Visited. C) Permitted.D) Subjected. 39.The passage implies that reversing the muscle bone movement used to bend an arm requires ___