复旦大学：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源（学习报告）Review paper（tatsuosawakami）.pdf_大学文库

Diabetes that is one of the most popular illnesses in this world is untreated disease and diabetes have four types of the disease, such as Type 1 diabetes, Type 2diabetes, Gestational diabetes and Pre-diabetes. The type 1 diabetes is the occurred in the teenager, and it wont produce insulin from because beta cell was destroying by auto immune system. The patient cannot produce insulin and cannot control the glucose level in the body, there are many effect of the lose control of the diabetes such as hypoglycemia. Hence the patient needs inject the insulin from different place of body, such as so that the patient can control the glucose level in the blood and the patient won 't get hypoglycemia Type 2 diabetes is different from Type 1 diabetes; Diabetes is caused by a problem in the way your body makes or uses insulin. Insulin is needed to move blood glucose into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. When you have type 2 diabetes, the body does not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance which means that fat, liver, and muscle cells d not respond normally to insulin. As a result blood sugar does not get into cells to be stored for energy. Hence when sugar cannot enter cells, abnormally high levels of sugar build up in the blood This is called hyperglycemia. High levels of blood sugar often trigger the pancreas to produce more and more insulin, but it not enough to keep up with the body's demand People who are overweight are more likely to have insulin resistance, because fat interferes with the body's ability to use insulin. Type 2 diabetes usually occurs gradually. Most people with the disease are verweight at the time of diagno so develop in those who are thin, especially the elderly. Family history and genetics play a large role in type 2 diabetes. Low activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight(especially around the waist)significantly increase your risk for type 2 diabetes. For the treatment, the patients need to control the food, and sugar, at the same time; they take a medicine for control the sugar level Pre-diabetes is the border line of the normal people to Type 2 Diabetes, people are pre-diabetes took many years for being the type 2 diabetes. The people of the glucose level are higher than normal people but it is lower than type 2 diabetes people. They do not really need to depend on the medicine for controlling the sugar level, but the people need to take care about the life style and food Gestational Diabetes is diabetes that is found for the first time when a woman is pregnant Out of every 100 pregnant women in the United States, three to eight get gestational diabetes. There

Diabetes that is one of the most popular illnesses in this world is untreated disease and diabetes have four types of the disease, such as Type 1 diabetes, Type 2diabetes, Gestational diabetes and Pre-diabetes. The type 1 diabetes is the occurred in the teenager, and it won’t produce insulin from because beta cell was destroying by auto immune system. The patient cannot produce insulin and cannot control the glucose level in the body, there are many effect of the lose control of the diabetes such as hypoglycemia. Hence the patient needs inject the insulin from different place of body, such as so that the patient can control the glucose level in the blood, and the patient won’t get hypoglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is different from Type 1 diabetes; Diabetes is caused by a problem in the way your body makes or uses insulin. Insulin is needed to move blood glucose into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. When you have type 2 diabetes, the body does not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance which means that fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond normally to insulin. As a result blood sugar does not get into cells to be stored for energy. Hence when sugar cannot enter cells, abnormally high levels of sugar build up in the blood. This is called hyperglycemia. High levels of blood sugar often trigger the pancreas to produce more and more insulin, but it not enough to keep up with the body's demand. People who are overweight are more likely to have insulin resistance, because fat interferes with the body's ability to use insulin. Type 2 diabetes usually occurs gradually. Most people with the disease are overweight at the time of diagnosis. However, type 2 diabetes can also develop in those who are thin, especially the elderly. Family history and genetics play a large role in type 2 diabetes. Low activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight (especially around the waist) significantly increase your risk for type 2 diabetes. For the treatment, the patients need to control the food, and sugar, at the same time; they take a medicine for control the sugar level. Pre-diabetes is the border line of the normal people to Type 2 Diabetes, people are pre-diabetes took many years for being the type 2 diabetes. The people of the glucose level are higher than normal people but it is lower than type 2 diabetes people. They do not really need to depend on the medicine for controlling the sugar level, but the people need to take care about the life style and food. Gestational Diabetes is diabetes that is found for the first time when a woman is pregnant. Out of every 100 pregnant women in the United States, three to eight get gestational diabetes. There

are many reasons that making Gestational Diabetes but main cause is the hormones produced during pregnancy increase a woman's resistance to insulin, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance The risk factors for developing gestational diabetes are the following: the first one is a previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes or pre-diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia. The second main factor is a family history revealing a first degree relative with type 2 diabetes. The third reason factor is maternal age-a woman s risk factor increases as she gets older The fourth reason is ethnic background(those with higher risk factors include African-Americans Afro-Caribbeans, Native Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and people originating from the Indian subcontinent). the fifth reason is being overweight, obese or severely obese increases the risk by a factor 2.1, 3.6 and 8.6, respectively also previous pregnancy which resulted in a child with a high birth weight (>90th centile, or >4000 g( 8 Ibs 12.8 oz)). The treatment is same as the type 2 diabetesand pre-diabetes. But after a few month, some women can treat the diabetes by themselves. However for the diabetes, the only treatment is medicine or insulin. But in the future. there will be other treatments such as a food treatment etc. for example soybean, the reach of the recently, Japanese searcher was discovered the important factor of the soybean For Asian life, soybean is the one of the most popular food especially Japanese. They drink and eat the food making by soybean and more than one million of the people who are over 100 years old. Hence many people believe that soybean have many miracle power that save our life. For the treatment of the diabetes, most of the people are taking medicine for control the glucose level in the body. Recently some article was reported that sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)is involved in this mechanism of high-fat induced obesity and insulin resistance. This article shows the soy protein( SPl) also has the effect of the decreasing plasma cholesterol levels SPI can modulate the effect of high-fat on obesity and insulin resistance and SREBP-1c expression level. In this article shows that different rats take different food oil, after take a soybean, the cholesterol level is decreasing than other mace which did not take a soybean. It means the get the diabetes is trying to control the glucose level and does eat a few foods, but the people only need to take a specific meal which can prevent and treat the illness. So maybe in the future of the life, the eastern knowledge of the medicine and western knowledge of the medicine merge together making the better treatment of the any kinds of the disease The technology and new knowledge of the illness are discover for each year, diabetes cannot treat perfectly yet, also some kinds of the gene disorder, but the Chinese medicine is

are many reasons that making Gestational Diabetes but main cause is the hormones produced during pregnancy increase a woman's resistance to insulin, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance. The risk factors for developing gestational diabetes are the following: the first one is a previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes or pre-diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia. The second main factor is a family history revealing a first degree relative with type 2 diabetes. The third reason factor is maternal age - a woman's risk factor increases as she gets older. The fourth reason is ethnic background (those with higher risk factors include African-Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, Native Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and people originating from the Indian subcontinent).the fifth reason is being overweight, obese or severely obese increases the risk by a factor 2.1, 3.6 and 8.6, respectively also previous pregnancy which resulted in a child with a high birth weight (>90th centile, or >4000 g (8 lbs 12.8 oz)). The treatment is same as the type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. But after a few month, some women can treat the diabetes by themselves. However for the diabetes, the only treatment is medicine or insulin. But in the future, there will be other treatments such as a food treatment etc. for example soybean, the reach of the recently, Japanese searcher was discovered the important factor of the soybean. For Asian life, soybean is the one of the most popular food especially Japanese. They drink and eat the food making by soybean and more than one million of the people who are over 100 years old. Hence many people believe that soybean have many miracle power that save our life. For the treatment of the diabetes, most of the people are taking medicine for control the glucose level in the body. Recently some article was reported that sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is involved in this mechanism of high-fat induced obesity and insulin resistance. This article shows the soy protein (SPI) also has the effect of the decreasing plasma cholesterol levels. SPI can modulate the effect of high-fat on obesity and insulin resistance and SREBP-1c expression level. In this article shows that different rats take different food oil, after take a soybean, the plasma cholesterol level is decreasing than other mace which did not take a soybean. It means the people get the diabetes is trying to control the glucose level and does eat a few foods, but the people only need to take a specific meal which can prevent and treat the illness. So maybe in the future of the life, the eastern knowledge of the medicine and western knowledge of the medicine merge together making the better treatment of the any kinds of the disease. The technology and new knowledge of the illness are discover for each year, diabetes cannot treat perfectly yet, also some kinds of the gene disorder, but the Chinese medicine is