《复合材料结构的设计与分析》参考书籍电子版（英文版）DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES WITH APPLICATIONS TO AEROSPACE STRUCTURES，Christos Kassapoglou，This edition first published，2010.pdf_大学文库

Series Preface The field of aerospace is wide ranging and covers a variety of products,disciplines and domains,not merely in engineering but in many related supporting activities.These combine to enable the aerospace industry to produce exciting and technologically challenging products.A wealth of knowledge is contained by practitioners and professionals in the aerospace fields that is of benefit to other practitioners in the industry,and to those entering the industry from University. The Aerospace Series aims to be a practical and topical series of books aimed at engineering professionals,operators,users and allied professions such as commercial and legal executives in the aerospace industry.The range of topics is intended to be wide ranging,covering design and development,manufacture,operation and support of aircraft as well as topics such as infrastructure operations,and developments in research and technology.The intention is to provide a source of relevant information that will be of interest and benefit to all those people working in aerospace. The use of composite materials for aerospace structures has increased dramatically in the last three decades.The attractive strength-to-weight ratios,improved fatigue and corrosion resistance,and ability to tailor the geometry and fibre orientations,combined with recent advances in fabrication,have made composites a very attractive option for aerospace applications from both a technical and financial viewpoint.This has been tempered by problems associated with damage tolerance and detection,damage repair,environmental degradation and assembly joints.The anisotropic nature of composites also dramatically increases the number of variables that need to be considered in the design of any aerospace structure. This book,Design and Analysis of Composite Structures:With Application to Aerospace Structures,provides a methodology of various analysis approaches that can be used for the preliminary design of aerospace structures without having to resort to finite elements. Representative types of composite structure are described,along with techniques to define the geometry and lay-up stacking sequence required to withstand the applied loads.The value of such a set of tools is to enable rapid initial trade-off preliminary design studies to be made, before using a detailed Finite Element analysis on the finalized design configurations. Allan Seabridge,Roy Langton, Jonathan Cooper and Peter Belobaba

Series Preface The field of aerospace is wide ranging and covers a variety of products, disciplines and domains, not merely in engineering but in many related supporting activities. These combine to enable the aerospace industry to produce exciting and technologically challenging products. A wealth of knowledge is contained by practitioners and professionals in the aerospace fields that is of benefit to other practitioners in the industry, and to those entering the industry from University. The Aerospace Series aims to be a practical and topical series of books aimed at engineering professionals, operators, users and allied professions such as commercial and legal executives in the aerospace industry. The range of topics is intended to be wide ranging, covering design and development, manufacture, operation and support of aircraft as well as topics such as infrastructure operations, and developments in research and technology. The intention is to provide a source of relevant information that will be of interest and benefit to all those people working in aerospace. The use of composite materials for aerospace structures has increased dramatically in the last three decades. The attractive strength-to-weight ratios, improved fatigue and corrosion resistance, and ability to tailor the geometry and fibre orientations, combined with recent advances in fabrication, have made composites a very attractive option for aerospace applications from both a technical and financial viewpoint. This has been tempered by problems associated with damage tolerance and detection, damage repair, environmental degradation and assembly joints. The anisotropic nature of composites also dramatically increases the number of variables that need to be considered in the design of any aerospace structure. This book, Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Application to Aerospace Structures, provides a methodology of various analysis approaches that can be used for the preliminary design of aerospace structures without having to resort to finite elements. Representative types of composite structure are described, along with techniques to define the geometry and lay-up stacking sequence required to withstand the applied loads. The value of such a set of tools is to enable rapid initial trade-off preliminary design studies to be made, before using a detailed Finite Element analysis on the finalized design configurations. Allan Seabridge, Roy Langton, Jonathan Cooper and Peter Belobaba

Preface This book is a compilation of analysis and design methods for structural components made of advanced composites.The term 'advanced composites'is used here somewhat loosely and refers to materials consisting of a high-performance fiber (graphite,glass,Kevlar,etc) embedded in a polymeric matrix (epoxy,bismaleimide,PEEKetc).The material in this book is the product of lecture notes used in graduate-level classes in Advanced Composites Design and Optimization courses taught at the Delft University of Technology. The book is aimed at fourth year undergraduate or graduate level students and starting engineering professionals in the composites industry.The reader is expected to be familiar with classical laminated-plate theory (CLPT)and first ply failure criteria.Also,some awareness of energy methods,and Rayleigh-Ritz approaches will make following some of the solution methods easier.In addition,basic applied mathematics knowledge such as Fourier series, simple solutions of partial differential equations,and calculus of variations are subjects that the reader should have some familiarity with. A series of attractive properties of composites such as high stiffness and strength-to-weight ratios,reduced sensitivity to cyclic loads,improved corrosion resistance,and,above all,the ability to tailor the configuration (geometry and stacking sequence)to specific loading conditions for optimum performance has made them a prime candidate material for use in aerospace applications.In addition,the advent of automated fabrication methods such as advanced fiber/tow placement,automated tape laying,filament winding,etc.has made it possible to produce complex components at costs competitive with if not lower than metallic counterparts.This increase in the use of composites has brought to the forefront the need for reliable analysis and design methods that can assist engineers in implementing composites in aerospace structures.This book is a small contribution towards fulfilling that need. The objective is to provide methodology and analysis approaches that can be used in preliminary design.The emphasis is on methods that do not use finite elements or other computationally expensive approaches in order to allow the rapid generation of alternative designs that can be traded against each other.This will provide insight in how different design variables and parameters of a problem affect the result. The approach to preliminary design and analysis may differ according to the application and the persons involved.It combines a series of attributes such as experience,intuition,inspiration and thorough knowledge of the basics.Of these,intuition and inspiration cannot be captured in the pages of a book or itemized in a series of steps.For the first attribute,experience,an attempt can be made to collect previous best practices which can serve as guidelines for future work

Preface This book is a compilation of analysis and design methods for structural components made of advanced composites. The term ‘advanced composites’ is used here somewhat loosely and refers to materials consisting of a high-performance fiber (graphite, glass, Kevlar, etc) embedded in a polymeric matrix (epoxy, bismaleimide, PEEK etc). The material in this book is the product of lecture notes used in graduate-level classes in Advanced Composites Design and Optimization courses taught at the Delft University of Technology. The book is aimed at fourth year undergraduate or graduate level students and starting engineering professionals in the composites industry. The reader is expected to be familiar with classical laminated-plate theory (CLPT) and first ply failure criteria. Also, some awareness of energy methods, and Rayleigh–Ritz approaches will make following some of the solution methods easier. In addition, basic applied mathematics knowledge such as Fourier series, simple solutions of partial differential equations, and calculus of variations are subjects that the reader should have some familiarity with. A series of attractive properties of composites such as high stiffness and strength-to-weight ratios, reduced sensitivity to cyclic loads, improved corrosion resistance, and, above all, the ability to tailor the configuration (geometry and stacking sequence) to specific loading conditions for optimum performance has made them a prime candidate material for use in aerospace applications. In addition, the advent of automated fabrication methods such as advanced fiber/tow placement, automated tape laying, filament winding, etc. has made it possible to produce complex components at costs competitive with if not lower than metallic counterparts. This increase in the use of composites has brought to the forefront the need for reliable analysis and design methods that can assist engineers in implementing composites in aerospace structures. This book is a small contribution towards fulfilling that need. The objective is to provide methodology and analysis approaches that can be used in preliminary design. The emphasis is on methods that do not use finite elements or other computationally expensive approaches in order to allow the rapid generation of alternative designs that can be traded against each other. This will provide insight in how different design variables and parameters of a problem affect the result. The approach to preliminary design and analysis may differ according to the application and the persons involved. It combines a series of attributes such as experience, intuition, inspiration and thorough knowledge of the basics. Of these, intuition and inspiration cannot be captured in the pages of a book or itemized in a series of steps. For the first attribute, experience, an attempt can be made to collect previous best practices which can serve as guidelines for future work

xii Preface Only the last attribute,knowledge of the basics,can be formulated in such a way that the reader can learn and understand them and then apply them to his/her own applications.And doing that is neither easy nor guaranteed to be exhaustive.The wide variety of applications and the peculiarities that each may require in the approach,preclude any complete and in-depth presentation of the material.It is only hoped that the material presented here will serve as a starting point for most types of design and analysis problems. Given these difficulties,the material covered in this book is an attempt to show representative types of composite structure and some of the approaches that may be used in determining the geometry and stacking sequences that meet applied loads without failure.It should be emphasized that not all methods presented here are equally accurate nor do they have the same range of applicability.Every effort has been made to present,along with each approach, its limitations.There are many more methods than the ones presented here and they vary in accuracy and range of applicability.Additional references are given where some of these methods can be found. These methods cannot replace thorough finite element analyses which,when properly set up,will be more accurate than most of the methods presented here.Unfortunately,the complexity of some of the problems and the current (and foreseeable)computational efficiency in implementing finite element solutions precludes their extensive use during preliminary design or,even,early phases of the detailed design.There is not enough time to trade hundreds or thousands of designs in an optimization effort to determine the 'best' design if the analysis method is based on detailed finite elements.On the other hand,once the design configuration has been finalized or a couple of configurations have been down- selected using simpler,more efficient approaches,detailed finite elements can and should be used to provide accurate predictions for the performance,point to areas where revisions of the design are necessary,and,eventually,provide supporting analysis for the certification effort of a product. Some highlights of composite applications from the 1950s to today are given in Chapter 1 with emphasis on nonmilitary applications.Recurring and nonrecurring cost issues that may affect design decisions are presented in Chapter 2 for specific fabrication processes.Chapter 3 provides a review of CLPT and Chapter 4 summarizes strength failure criteria for composite plates;these two chapters are meant as a quick refresher of some of the basic concepts and equations that will be used in subsequent chapters. Chapter 5 presents the governing equations for anisotropic plates.It includes the von Karman large-deflection equations that are used later to generate simple solutions for post- buckled composite plates under compression.These are followed by a presentation of the types of composite parts found in aerospace structures and the design philosophy typically used to come up with a geometric shape.Design requirements and desired attributes are also discussed.This sets the stage for quantitative requirements that address uncertainties during the design and during service of a fielded structure.Uncertainties in applied loads,and variations in usage from one user to another are briefly discussed.A more detailed discussion about uncertainties in material performance (material scatter)leads to the introduction of statistically meaningful (A-and B-basis)design values or allowables.Finally,sensitivity to damage and environmental conditions is discussed and the use of knockdown factors for preliminary design is introduced. Chapter 6 contains a discussion of buckling of composite plates.Plates are introduced first and beams follow (Chapter 8)because failure modes of beams such as crippling can

Only the last attribute, knowledge of the basics, can be formulated in such a way that the reader can learn and understand them and then apply them to his/her own applications. And doing that is neither easy nor guaranteed to be exhaustive. The wide variety of applications and the peculiarities that each may require in the approach, preclude any complete and in-depth presentation of the material. It is only hoped that the material presented here will serve as a starting point for most types of design and analysis problems. Given these difficulties, the material covered in this book is an attempt to show representative types of composite structure and some of the approaches that may be used in determining the geometry and stacking sequences that meet applied loads without failure. It should be emphasized that not all methods presented here are equally accurate nor do they have the same range of applicability. Every effort has been made to present, along with each approach, its limitations. There are many more methods than the ones presented here and they vary in accuracy and range of applicability. Additional references are given where some of these methods can be found. These methods cannot replace thorough finite element analyses which, when properly set up, will be more accurate than most of the methods presented here. Unfortunately, the complexity of some of the problems and the current (and foreseeable) computational efficiency in implementing finite element solutions precludes their extensive use during preliminary design or, even, early phases of the detailed design. There is not enough time to trade hundreds or thousands of designs in an optimization effort to determine the ‘best’ design if the analysis method is based on detailed finite elements. On the other hand, once the design configuration has been finalized or a couple of configurations have been downselected using simpler, more efficient approaches, detailed finite elements can and should be used to provide accurate predictions for the performance, point to areas where revisions of the design are necessary, and, eventually, provide supporting analysis for the certification effort of a product. Some highlights of composite applications from the 1950s to today are given in Chapter 1 with emphasis on nonmilitary applications. Recurring and nonrecurring cost issues that may affect design decisions are presented in Chapter 2 for specific fabrication processes. Chapter 3 provides a review of CLPT and Chapter 4 summarizes strength failure criteria for composite plates; these two chapters are meant as a quick refresher of some of the basic concepts and equations that will be used in subsequent chapters. Chapter 5 presents the governing equations for anisotropic plates. It includes the von Karman large-deflection equations that are used later to generate simple solutions for postbuckled composite plates under compression. These are followed by a presentation of the types of composite parts found in aerospace structures and the design philosophy typically used to come up with a geometric shape. Design requirements and desired attributes are also discussed. This sets the stage for quantitative requirements that address uncertainties during the design and during service of a fielded structure. Uncertainties in applied loads, and variations in usage from one user to another are briefly discussed. A more detailed discussion about uncertainties in material performance (material scatter) leads to the introduction of statistically meaningful (A- and B-basis) design values or allowables. Finally, sensitivity to damage and environmental conditions is discussed and the use of knockdown factors for preliminary design is introduced. Chapter 6 contains a discussion of buckling of composite plates. Plates are introduced first and beams follow (Chapter 8) because failure modes of beams such as crippling can xii Preface