Unit I smart Cars
Unit 1 Smart Cars
Text a smart Cars Part 1 Objectives Part 2 Background Part 3 Structure stud SLR Part 4 Language points
Text A Smart Cars ⚫ Part 1 Objectives ⚫ Part 2 Background ⚫ Part 3 Structure Study ⚫ Part 4 Language Points
Obiectives a) Understand the main idea and structure of the text b) Learn some techniques in expository writing (definition, quotes, a mixture of facts and opinions, etc. c) Grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text
Objectives a) Understand the main idea and structure of the text; b) Learn some techniques in expository writing (definition, quotes, a mixture of facts and opinions, etc.); c) Grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text
Background automobile industry: The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world affecting not only economies but also cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues. And provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century changing forever the way people lives, travel, and business
Background • automobile industry: The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only economies but also cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues. And provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people lives, travel, and business
The automobile has enabled people to travel and transport goods farther and faster, and has opened wider market areas for business and commerce. The auto industry has also reduced the overall cost of transportation by using methods such as mass production(making several products at once, rather than one at a time ), mass marketing(selling products nationally and globally rather than locally), and globalization of production(assembling products with parts made worldwide). Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built. but there was no real established industry. A century later, with automakers an auto buyers expanding globally, automaking became the worlds largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year worldwide
• The automobile has enabled people to travel and transport goods farther and faster, and has opened wider market areas for business and commerce. The auto industry has also reduced the overall cost of transportation by using methods such as mass production (making several products at once, rather than one at a time), mass marketing (selling products nationally and globally rather than locally), and globalization of production (assembling products with parts made worldwide). Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built, but there was no real established industry. A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, automaking became the world’s largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year worldwide
Automobile manufacturers are among the largest companies in the world. These corporations are often multinational. These companies often share parts. or use parts made in foreign factories. The U.S. automobile industry produces 16.8 million vehicles in 1999. The three major automobile manufacturers in the United States General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company and Daimler Chrysler AG- provide three-fourths of the industry's total direct employment in the United States At the start of the 21 st century, the trends of global trade an manufacturing flexibility continue. Computerization continues to be a major part of part of auto design and manufacture. as do the search for alternative fuels and more efficient automobile designs
• Automobile manufacturers are among the largest companies in the world. These corporations are often multinational. These companies often share parts, or use parts made in foreign factories. The U.S. automobile industry produces 16.8 million vehicles in 1999. The three major automobile manufacturers in the United States – General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and Daimler Chrysler AG – provide three-fourths of the industry’s total direct employment in the United States. • At the start of the 21st century, the trends of global trade and • manufacturing flexibility continue. Computerization continues to be a major part of part of auto design and manufacture, as do the search for alternative fuels and more efficient automobile designs
Global positioning System(GPS): space-based radio navigation system, consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time. The time information is placed in the codes broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal was broadcast. The signal contains data that a receiver uses to compute the locations of the satellites and to make other adjustments needed for accurate positioning
• Global Positioning System (GPS): space-based radionavigation system, consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions. • GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time. The time information is placed in the codes broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal was broadcast. The signal contains data that a receiver uses to compute the locations of the satellites and to make other adjustments needed for accurate positioning
The receiver uses the time difference between the time of signa reception and the broadcast time to compute the distance, or range, from the receiver to the satellite. The receiver must account for propagation delays, or decreases in the signals speed caused by the ionosphere and the troposphere. With information about the ranges to three satellites and the location of the satellite when the signal was sent, the receiver can compute its own three-dimensional position As of march 1994. 24 GPS satellites were in operation Replenishment satellites are ready for launch, and contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 2 1 st century GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPs an important component of travel in the international airspace system. Airplanes will use gPs for landing at fogbound airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems
• The receiver uses the time difference between the time of signal reception and the broadcast time to compute the distance, or range, from the receiver to the satellite. The receiver must account for propagation delays, or decreases in the signal’s speed caused by the ionosphere and the troposphere. With information about the ranges to three satellites and the location of the satellite when the signal was sent, the receiver can compute its own three-dimensional position. • As of March 1994, 24 GPS satellites were in operation. Replenishment satellites are ready for launch, and contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century. GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPS an important component of travel in the international airspace system. Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems
Emerging technologies will enable GPs to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude Intelligent Transportation System (ITS): advanced electronics, communications, and computer systems that increase the efficiency and safety of highway transportation. Originally known as intelligent Vehicle/Highway System(IVHS), these technologies can provide real-time information exchange between drivers and the roads, giving rise to the terms smart cars"and smart highways. As the technologies have expanded to include public transportation and commercial vehicles, this range of technologies has become known as the Intelligent Transportation System. Increasingly, drivers will have access to up-to-the-minute information on traffic conditions alternate routes and directions to unfamiliar destinations. Ultimately, vehicle control may be automated
• Emerging technologies will enable GPS to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude. • Intelligent Transportation System (ITS): advanced electronics, communications, and computer systems that increase the efficiency and safety of highway transportation. Originally known as Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS), these technologies can provide real-time information exchange between drivers and the roads, giving rise to the terms “smart cars” and “smart highways”. As the technologies have expanded to include public transportation and commercial vehicles, this range of technologies has become known as the Intelligent Transportation System. Increasingly, drivers will have access to up-to-the-minute information on traffic conditions, alternate routes, and directions to unfamiliar destinations. Ultimately, vehicle control may be automated
Text structure Parts Paragraphs Main deas Part 1 Par:. 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 2lst century. Part 2 Par. 4-9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents. determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic iams Part 3 Par. 10-13 GPS and "telematics"will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way
Text Structure Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part 1 Par. 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century. Part 2 Par. 4-9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams. Part 3 Par. 10-13 GPS and “telematics” will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way
