局部解剖学(九) 颈部的局部解剖与操作(1)
局部解剖学（九） ➢ 颈部的局部解剖与操作（1）
颈部Neck 概述 introduction 浅层结构 superfical structures 下颌下三角 submandibular triangle °颏下三角 submental triangle
颈 部 Neck • 概述 introduction • 浅层结构 superifical structures • 下颌下三角 submandibular triangle • 颏下三角 submental triangle
概述 Introduction 境界和分区 boundary and regions 表面解剖 surface anatomy 表面标志 surface landmark 体表投影 surface projection
一、概述 Introduction • 境界和分区 boundary and regions • 表面解剖 surface anatomy – 表面标志 surface landmark – 体表投影 surface projection
W,.it C 下界:由胸骨上缘、锁骨和肩峰至第7颈椎棘突的连线。 Inferiorly: by the upper border of sternum, the clavicle and a line extending from the acromion to the spine of 7th cervical vertebra 1.颈部的境界 boundary of the neck
上界：为下颌骨下缘、下颌角、乳突、上项线与枕外隆突的连线。 Superiorly：an line linking with the lower border of mandible, the angle of mandible, the mastoid process, the superior nuchal line and the external occipital protuberance; 下界：由胸骨上缘、锁骨和肩峰至第7颈椎棘突的连线。Inferiorly： by the upper border of sternum, the clavicle and a line extending from the acromion to the spine of 7th cervical vertebra. 1. 颈部的境界 boundary of the neck
2颈部分区 Mandible Posterior triangle SCM Anterior triangle Trapezius Clavicular head of sCm Sternal head of SCM Clavicle 颈部:分为固有颈部( proper neck)和项部(nape)。 团有颈部又可分为颈前区 anterior region、胸锁乳突肌区 sternocleidomastoid region和颈外侧区 lateral region
2.颈部分区 • 颈部:分为固有颈部（proper neck）和项部（nape）。 • 固有颈部:又可分为颈前区anterior region、胸锁乳突肌区 sternocleidomastoid region和颈外侧区lateral region
Parotid region SCM Digastric, posterior belly Submandibular triangle Digastric, anterior belly Occipital triangle Submental triangle Accessory n (CN XI) Carotid triangle Superior belly of omohyoid Inferior belly of omohyoid Muscular triangle Supraclavicular triangle 颈前区:被舌骨hyoi分为舌骨上区 suprahyoid region(包括2 个下颌下三角和1个颏下三角)和舌骨下区 infrahyoid region (包括成对的颈动脉三角和肌三角)。 ·颈外侧区:被肩胛舌骨肌下腹分为枕三角和锁骨上三角
• 颈前区：被舌骨hyoid分为舌骨上区suprahyoid region（包括2 个下颌下三角和1个颏下三角）和舌骨下区infrahyoid region （包括成对的颈动脉三角和肌三角）。 • 颈外侧区：被肩胛舌骨肌下腹分为枕三角和锁骨上三角
Trapezius Thyroid notch Laryngeal prominence Clavicular Sternal sternocleidomastoid (Greater)supraclavicular fossa Lesser supraclavicular fossa Suprasternal fossa Sternal end of clavicle Jugular notch 3表面标志 surface landmark
3.表面标志 surface landmark Lesser supraclavicular fossa (Greater) supraclavicular fossa Suprasternal fossa
表面标志 Surface landmark 舌骨 Hyoid(H) 甲状软骨 Thyroid cartilage T H 喉结节 aryngeal prominence(P) 环状软骨 TPT Cricoid cartilage(c) 第1气管环 c The first tracheal ringe(1) RL s 甲状腺峡 Isthmus(S)
表面标志 Surface Landmark • 舌骨 Hyhoid(H) • 甲状软骨 Thyroid cartilage(T) • 喉结节 Laryngeal prominence(P) • 环状软骨 Cricoid cartilage (C) • 第1气管环 The first tracheal ringe(1) • 甲状腺峡 Isthmus(S)
Occipital bone Fascia g Prevertebral 环状软骨(弓)的意义 Pharynx 第6颈椎水平 Mandible The level of the 6th Hyoid bone Investing layer cervical vertebra of deep cervical fascia 喉与气管交界The Larynx Subcutaneous tissue junction of the larynx (superficial fascia) with the trachea Thyroid isthmus Pretracheal layer 咽与食管交界The of deep cervical fascia junction of the Suprasternal space pharynx with the Trachea Manubrium of sternum esophagus. Esophagus
❖环状软骨(弓)的意义 •第6颈椎水平 The level of the 6th cervical vertebra. •喉与气管交界 The junction of the larynx with the trachea. •咽与食管交界 The junction of the pharynx with the esophagus
The level at which the vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen of the 6th cervical vertebra The site at which the carotid artery can be pressed against the carotid tubercle of the oth cervical vertebra
•The level at which the vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen of the 6th cervical vertebra. •The site at which the carotid artery can be pressed against the carotid tubercle of the 6th cervical vertebra