2012年10月31日 RFID AIRLINE BAGGAGE HANDLING REPORT Supply Chain Management Sophie DESOUBRY
2012年10月31日 Supply Chain Management | Sophie DESOUBRY RFID REPORT AIRLINE BAGGAGE HANDLING
上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Index I.What is RFID?....... 3 1)Definition....... 3 2)History… 3 3)The RFID and its components..... 4 4)RFID:Applications....... .5 II.Two examples of International Airport....... 6 1)Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport(France)....... .6 2)Shanghai Pudong International Airport(PVG-China).... 6 3)Traffic airlines in the world........... III.RFID:Airline baggage handling........ 8 1)How does it work?.… 8 2)Why choose RFID technology?.... P 3)How does it cost?..... f IV Conclusion.......... 11 V.ANNEXE 1:Bibliography.... 12 VI.ANNEXE 2:Applications..... 13
Index I. What is RFID?................................................................................................. 3 1) Definition.................................................................................................. 3 2) History ...................................................................................................... 3 3) The RFID and its components.................................................................. 4 4) RFID: Applications................................................................................... 5 II. Two examples of International Airport........................................................ 6 1) Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (France)................................................. 6 2) Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG – China)........................... 6 3) Traffic airlines in the world ...................................................................... 7 III. RFID: Airline baggage handling.................................................................. 8 1) How does it work? .................................................................................... 8 2) Why choose RFID technology?................................................................ 8 3) How does it cost?...................................................................................... 8 IV. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 11 V. ANNEXE 1: Bibliography......................................................................... 12 VI. ANNEXE 2: Applications.......................................................................... 13
上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY I.What is RFID? 1)Definition Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)is to retrieve and store data over short distances.An RFID system consists of markers(bonded product to be identified) and drives (permanently connected to a network on which is a software for collecting and managing information). RFID is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio- frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking.Some tags require no battery and are powered by the electromagnetic fields used to read them.Others use a local power source and emit radio waves (electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies).The tag contains electronically stored information which can be read from up to several meters (yards)away.Unlike a bar code,the tag does not need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. 2)History The radio frequency identification,or RFID,is the result of the marriage of two technologies:radio technology and the electronics which has now substituted that of microelectronics. 8O's passive tas 1948 Orlgins 90's Start of 70's Milltary standardization Uses 1948:The concept of the RFID system has its origin in the 40s in order to distinguish friendly aircraft from enemy aircraft.In imposing tags or transponders were placed in the friends had to respond to the query as friendly radars.The IFF (Identify:Friend or Foe)was the first use of RFID.Today,the air traffic control is based on this principle
I. What is RFID? 1) Definition Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is to retrieve and store data over short distances. An RFID system consists of markers (bonded product to be identified) and drives (permanently connected to a network on which is a software for collecting and managing information). RFID is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. Some tags require no battery and are powered by the electromagnetic fields used to read them. Others use a local power source and emit radio waves (electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies). The tag contains electronically stored information which can be read from up to several meters (yards) away. Unlike a bar code, the tag does not need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. 2) History The radio frequency identification, or RFID, is the result of the marriage of two technologies: radio technology and the electronics which has now substituted that of microelectronics. 1948: The concept of the RFID system has its origin in the 40s in order to distinguish friendly aircraft from enemy aircraft. In imposing tags or transponders were placed in the friends had to respond to the query as friendly radars. The IFF (Identify: Friend or Foe) was the first use of RFID. Today, the air traffic control is based on this principle
上浒充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 70's:During the 70s,RFID systems remained proprietary technology for military supported by the state for security sensitive sites particularly in the nuclear sector. 1980:The invention of micro-systems and advanced technology led to the use of passive tag.The lack of onboard power source makes the tag cheaper but requires energy to get through the reader's signal.Reading distances are then obtained a few centimeters.In the late 70s,the technology is transferred to the private sector.One of the first commercial applications is the identification of cattle in Europe.The early '80s marked the manufacturing and marketing of tags by many European and American firms. 1990:Start of standardization for interoperability of RFID equipment to start with smart cards and systems tags-readers in general. 3)The RFID and its components The electronic label is an information carrier which combines the signal processing and data storage.It consists of an electronic circuit (or "IC"). published on a circuit board and coupled to an antenna. Often called "transponder"(TRANSmitter resPONDER)because of their response functions and emission label -radio tag responds to a request sent by the reader and for the data it contains.The memory of a transponder typically includes a ROM(Read Only Memory),RAM(Random Access Memory)and a programmable nonvolatile memory for storing data according to the type and complexity of the product.The ROM contains security data and instructions of the Operating System (OS)of the label responsible for basic functions such as response time,control the flow of data and management of the energy.The RAM is used for temporary storage of data during the process of query and response.The energy required to operate the tag is supplied either by an internal battery (or battery)tags for active or semi-active,or remotely powered by the electromagnetic field emitted by the reader(passive tags). The base station emits radio waves in a space of a few centimeters to several tens of meters,depending on the power supply and the radio frequency used. When an RF tag passes through the electromagnetic field,it detects the signal from the base station.The reader reads the data encoded in the transponder and these are sent to the server for processing.The base station may also take part in the signal processing as well as parity to detect and correct errors. An RFID system makes it possible to write,store and erase information on the microchip tag.In addition to the transfer of data without contact,communication via the antenna also allows transfer blind between the reader and the tag through materials which are opaque to light;the reading may be performed simultaneously on multiple labels
70’s: During the 70s, RFID systems remained proprietary technology for military supported by the state for security sensitive sites particularly in the nuclear sector. 1980: The invention of micro-systems and advanced technology led to the use of passive tag. The lack of onboard power source makes the tag cheaper but requires energy to get through the reader's signal. Reading distances are then obtained a few centimeters. In the late 70s, the technology is transferred to the private sector. One of the first commercial applications is the identification of cattle in Europe. The early '80s marked the manufacturing and marketing of tags by many European and American firms. 1990: Start of standardization for interoperability of RFID equipment to start with smart cards and systems tags-readers in general. 3) The RFID and its components The electronic label is an information carrier which combines the signal processing and data storage. It consists of an electronic circuit (or "IC"), published on a circuit board and coupled to an antenna. Often called "transponder" (TRANSmitter / resPONDER) because of their response functions and emission label - radio tag responds to a request sent by the reader and for the data it contains. The memory of a transponder typically includes a ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory) and a programmable nonvolatile memory for storing data according to the type and complexity of the product. The ROM contains security data and instructions of the Operating System (OS) of the label responsible for basic functions such as response time, control the flow of data and management of the energy. The RAM is used for temporary storage of data during the process of query and response. The energy required to operate the tag is supplied either by an internal battery (or battery) tags for active or semi-active, or remotely powered by the electromagnetic field emitted by the reader (passive tags). The base station emits radio waves in a space of a few centimeters to several tens of meters, depending on the power supply and the radio frequency used. When an RF tag passes through the electromagnetic field, it detects the signal from the base station. The reader reads the data encoded in the transponder and these are sent to the server for processing. The base station may also take part in the signal processing as well as parity to detect and correct errors. An RFID system makes it possible to write, store and erase information on the microchip tag. In addition to the transfer of data without contact, communication via the antenna also allows transfer blind between the reader and the tag through materials which are opaque to light; the reading may be performed simultaneously on multiple labels
上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Different RFID systems are characterized mainly by their frequency of communication.However,besides the carrier frequency,other characteristics also define tags and form the basis of their specifications: The origin and nature of the energy ·Reading distance ◆Programmability ·Fitness ●Memory size Properties of packaging(material) The number of tags read simultaneously (anti-collision) ·And of course the cost 4)RFID:Applications Even if the RFID technology is already used in several fields,it aims to expand more gradually as the time(not to mention the increasing progress in the field of electronics). Few examples of applications: Distribution(supermarkets,shops,etc.) Limit the loss of baggage (airports) Green thumb:gardening technology(cf.ANNEXE 2 p.) Toll and traffic management Pharmaceuticals and counterfeit ·Access control ●Ticketing .Human body (cf.ANNEXE 2 p.) 。Transport ·ID card
Different RFID systems are characterized mainly by their frequency of communication. However, besides the carrier frequency, other characteristics also define tags and form the basis of their specifications: The origin and nature of the energy Reading distance Programmability Fitness Memory size Properties of packaging (material) The number of tags read simultaneously (anti-collision) And of course the cost 4) RFID: Applications Even if the RFID technology is already used in several fields, it aims to expand more gradually as the time (not to mention the increasing progress in the field of electronics). Few examples of applications: Distribution (supermarkets, shops, etc.) Limit the loss of baggage (airports) Green thumb: gardening technology (cf. ANNEXE 2 p.) Toll and traffic management Pharmaceuticals and counterfeit Access control Ticketing Human body (cf. ANNEXE 2 p.) Transport ID card
上浒充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY II.Two examples of International Airport 1)Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (France) Baggage sorting amenities deals with the luggage of more than 51 million passengers per year. In CDG2 (terminals 2A,2B and 2D),the baggage sorting system consists of: Registration luggage lines (dedicated to one or more destinations following terminals),composed of a group of counters and a set of conveyors with EDS type VIS 108 integrated Delivery lines baggage conveyors consist of type "carousel"(conveyor scales) Processing lines connecting baggage,consisting of a set of conveyors with integrated EDS VIS 108 and a conveyor "carousel". Each terminal is equipped with two scanners (such as 5000 or 2500)for additional checks and processing equipment for oversized baggage. Connected to the baggage handling system terminal 2C,the TBM-TBS, including 7 machines equipped PEDS and two tomographs(one 9000DSi CTX), shows a treatment capacity of 2500 bags per hour.Baggage mainly long correspondence,which are stored before opening the flight. 2)Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG-China) A modern facility,which only opened in 1999 to become Shanghai's primary international airport,Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG)is close to the towns of Chuansha,Huinan,Sinchang and Zhou Pu,and within the city's Pudong region.The airport is located around 30 km /19 miles south-east of Shanghai city centre and has become a significant hub for both Shanghai Airlines and China Eastern Airlines,who operate Asian,European and transatlantic flights. In total,Shanghai flights run to more than 60 domestic destinations and 70 international and regional destinations,with an annual throughput of some 40 million passengers,slightly less than half of which are from international destinations. A relatively new addition to the airports scene in the Republic of China, Shanghai's Pudong Airport opened towards to the end of 1999,at the cost of around $400 million,being built as a part replacement to nearby Hongqiao International Airport.Pudong Airport immediately took control of all international flights and just over five years later,a new second runway was added.In 2007,a third runway and additional terminal was added,meaning that
II. Two examples of International Airport 1) Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (France) Baggage sorting amenities deals with the luggage of more than 51 million passengers per year. In CDG2 (terminals 2A, 2B and 2D), the baggage sorting system consists of: Registration luggage lines (dedicated to one or more destinations following terminals), composed of a group of counters and a set of conveyors with EDS type VIS 108 integrated Delivery lines baggage conveyors consist of type "carousel" (conveyor scales) Processing lines connecting baggage, consisting of a set of conveyors with integrated EDS VIS 108 and a conveyor "carousel". Each terminal is equipped with two scanners (such as 5000 or 2500) for additional checks and processing equipment for oversized baggage. Connected to the baggage handling system terminal 2C, the TBM-TBS, including 7 machines equipped PEDS and two tomographs (one 9000DSi CTX), shows a treatment capacity of 2500 bags per hour. Baggage mainly long correspondence, which are stored before opening the flight. 2) Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG – China) A modern facility, which only opened in 1999 to become Shanghai's primary international airport, Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG) is close to the towns of Chuansha, Huinan, Sinchang and Zhou Pu, and within the city's Pudong region. The airport is located around 30 km / 19 miles south-east of Shanghai city centre and has become a significant hub for both Shanghai Airlines and China Eastern Airlines, who operate Asian, European and transatlantic flights. In total, Shanghai flights run to more than 60 domestic destinations and 70 international and regional destinations, with an annual throughput of some 40 million passengers, slightly less than half of which are from international destinations. A relatively new addition to the airports scene in the Republic of China, Shanghai's Pudong Airport opened towards to the end of 1999, at the cost of around $400 million, being built as a part replacement to nearby Hongqiao International Airport. Pudong Airport immediately took control of all international flights and just over five years later, a new second runway was added. In 2007, a third runway and additional terminal was added, meaning that
上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY the overall capacity of Pudong Airport has been greatly increased. Terminal 1 of Pudong Airport has 204 check-in counters,13 baggage carousels,28 gates,13 of which are double-decker gates.It has a capacity of 20 million passengers.The ongoing Terminal 1 expansion project is to add an additional 6,000 sqm,will have a new baggage handling system and transfer facilities,all to be completed by 2014. 3)Traffic airlines in the world For the first time,the number of passengers reached in 2010 the dreaded 5 billion.The report of ACI'shows that regions of the world where passenger traffic increased the most are the Asia-Pacific,Latin America and the Caribbean. Africa and the Middle East.In North America and Europe,traffic has also increased but less important. Global air traffic ACI:Airport Council International(http://wwwaci.aero/)
the overall capacity of Pudong Airport has been greatly increased. Terminal 1 of Pudong Airport has 204 check-in counters, 13 baggage carousels, 28 gates, 13 of which are double-decker gates. It has a capacity of 20 million passengers. The ongoing Terminal 1 expansion project is to add an additional 6,000 sqm, will have a new baggage handling system and transfer facilities, all to be completed by 2014. 3) Traffic airlines in the world For the first time, the number of passengers reached in 2010 the dreaded 5 billion. The report of ACI1 shows that regions of the world where passenger traffic increased the most are the Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa and the Middle East. In North America and Europe, traffic has also increased but less important. Global air traffic 1 ACI : Airport Council International (http://www.aci.aero/)
上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY III.RFID:Airline baggage handling As we have seen previously,the number of passengers using air traffic increases more and more.With this rise,it is essential for international airports to improve their service (among other things their luggage service).Furthermore, the evolution in electronic technology has developed a new technology:RFID Some airports already use RFID for the baggage handling service.Over a dozen international airports have already implemented RFID baggage tag solutions.Two of the most prominent are Las Vegas and Hong Kong.How does it work?What are the advantageous/drawbacks? 1)How does it work? Baggage checked at large airports today is shunted into a system of conveyer belts,switches and ramps designed to move luggage quickly to the proper plane. The system's key--and its Achilles'heel--is the luggage tag attached to each checked bag,printed with passenger data and flight information,as well as a bar code and 10-digit identifier.Laser scanners read each bar code as it passes, guiding luggage through the system and sending data on each bag's location to a central database so missing luggage can be traced. 2)Why choose RFID technology? The main reason for choosing RFID technology is to reduce the loss of luggage.It means that airports will reduce the loss of money in research lost baggage and increase their customer's service. 3)How does it cost? a)Cost of missing luggage Each mishandled bag cost the responsible airline US$21.90 if delayed, US$92.27 if damaged and US$348.70 if lost or unable to be located.Other sources just point out to an average value of US$100 per bag. After identifying baggage mishandling annual cost as US$3.8 billion (corresponding to 1.8%of total bags),IATA is starting in 2008 a Baggage Improvement Program(BIP),part of the "Simplifying the Business"together with four airlines that agreed to partner:Delta,Emirates,LAN Chile and Lufthansa.Target of IATA is to work with six airports and six airlines by the end of2008
III. RFID: Airline baggage handling As we have seen previously, the number of passengers using air traffic increases more and more. With this rise, it is essential for international airports to improve their service (among other things their luggage service). Furthermore, the evolution in electronic technology has developed a new technology: RFID. Some airports already use RFID for the baggage handling service. Over a dozen international airports have already implemented RFID baggage tag solutions. Two of the most prominent are Las Vegas and Hong Kong. How does it work? What are the advantageous/drawbacks? 1) How does it work? Baggage checked at large airports today is shunted into a system of conveyer belts, switches and ramps designed to move luggage quickly to the proper plane. The system's key -- and its Achilles' heel -- is the luggage tag attached to each checked bag, printed with passenger data and flight information, as well as a bar code and 10-digit identifier. Laser scanners read each bar code as it passes, guiding luggage through the system and sending data on each bag's location to a central database so missing luggage can be traced. 2) Why choose RFID technology? The main reason for choosing RFID technology is to reduce the loss of luggage. It means that airports will reduce the loss of money in research lost baggage and increase their customer’s service. 3) How does it cost? a) Cost of missing luggage Each mishandled bag cost the responsible airline US$21.90 if delayed, US$92.27 if damaged and US$348.70 if lost or unable to be located. Other sources just point out to an average value of US$100 per bag. After identifying baggage mishandling annual cost as US$3.8 billion (corresponding to 1.8% of total bags), IATA is starting in 2008 a Baggage Improvement Program (BIP), part of the “Simplifying the Business” together with four airlines that agreed to partner: Delta, Emirates, LAN Chile and Lufthansa. Target of IATA is to work with six airports and six airlines by the end of 2008
上浒充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 98.2%of bags 1.8% with no problem mishandling rate (cost USS3.8 billion) Reasons for mishandling(2007): .49%Transfer baggage mishandling 16%Failed to load 8% Arrival station mishandling 5% Loading/offloading errors 22%Others Source:IATA,Baggage Improvement Program(BIP)(2008) b)Cost of RFID tags RFID passive tags costs are dropping because of increasing manufactured quantities.With current cost ranging from US$0.13-$0.20,it is estimated that this will go to US$0.10-$0.15 in 2012 and to US$0.05 in 2018.Cost can diminish as much as 40%going from 100,000 tags to 1,000,000,then an additional 25%going to 10,000,000.These are the costs of the tag and inlay (the inlay comprises the RFID chip and antenna mounted on a substrate,normally plastic;the label consists of a paper base that contains the inlay). These costs are for the cheapest tags,without possibility of Baggage Service Message(BSM).If this feature is included,then there is an increment of about US$30 per tag.Note that IATA found that 9.7%of all mishandled bags are solved with 'cheap'tags and an additional 11%are solved with the optional BSM capability. .Cost of RFID tag printers Printers range from US$1,600 to 1,800,many times adopted from normal baggage label printers. ·Cost of RFID readers Printers range from US$1,500 to 2.500. .Cost of RFID integration Integration of RFID into a baggage handling system will require: Structure for readers (about US$5,000 each) Comission(tests)for readers (about US$5,000 each) About US$100,000 for Programable Logic Controllers (PLC) integration in a big airport with 28 readers(US$50,000 for a medium size airport)
b) Cost of RFID tags RFID passive tags costs are dropping because of increasing manufactured quantities. With current cost ranging from US$0.13 - $0.20, it is estimated that this will go to US$0.10 - $0.15 in 2012 and to US$0.05 in 2018. Cost can diminish as much as 40% going from 100,000 tags to 1,000,000, then an additional 25% going to 10,000,000. These are the costs of the tag and inlay (the inlay comprises the RFID chip and antenna mounted on a substrate, normally plastic; the label consists of a paper base that contains the inlay). These costs are for the cheapest tags, without possibility of Baggage Service Message (BSM). If this feature is included, then there is an increment of about US$30 per tag. Note that IATA found that 9.7% of all mishandled bags are solved with ‘cheap’ tags and an additional 11% are solved with the optional BSM capability. Cost of RFID tag printers Printers range from US$1,600 to 1,800, many times adopted from normal baggage label printers. Cost of RFID readers Printers range from US$1,500 to 2,500. Cost of RFID integration Integration of RFID into a baggage handling system will require: - Structure for readers (about US$5,000 each) - Comission (tests) for readers (about US$5,000 each) - About US$100,000 for Programable Logic Controllers (PLC) integration in a big airport with 28 readers (US$50,000 for a medium size airport)
上游文通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY ·Total cost Total cost will include set up of track trace solution: US$1,000,000(big airports) US$350,000(medium size airports) These costs may seem high,however it should be noted that RFID technology has all the potential to be introduced step-by step in a specific airport
Total cost Total cost will include set up of track & trace solution: - US$1,000,000 (big airports) - US$350,000 (medium size airports) These costs may seem high, however it should be noted that RFID technology has all the potential to be introduced step-by step in a specific airport