The Application of RFID in Railway Passenger Ticketing System Tang Zhejun 5090309004 Abstract:Radio-frequency identification (RFID)is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object,for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking.And for its high working speed,good anti-collision quality and long working distance give it advantage over common label identification technology,there will be a good prospect for it in rail ticket fields. Key Words:RFID,rail ticket system,application 1.Introduction With the large-scale construction of passenger-dedicated lines,to meet the high-speed railway passenger flow,high density operators need,and railway station must enhance the efficiency of sailing and checking ticket,raise the automation level of the whole system,improve the ticket security capabilities, and increase the amount of information of ticket system itself.Thus we can get the passenger transport data exactly and quickly,easy for the staff to carry out a variety of passenger marketing services. RFID is a kind of new technology in the field of label identification,which is the combination of RF technology and IC card technology.Some tags require no battery and are powered by the electromagnetic fields used to read them.Others use a local power source and emit radio waves(electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies).The tag contains electronically stored information which can be read from up to several meters(yards)away.Unlike a bar code,the tag does not need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. With the continuous development of technology,RFID products are more and more abundant,RFID in ticket applications are also more and more widely.But in Chinese railway passenger transport area,the application of RFID is very limited. But with the increase of its market share,A technology of RFID storm is about to start
The Application of RFID in Railway Passenger Ticketing System Tang Zhejun 5090309004 Abstract: Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. And for its high working speed, good anti-collision quality and long working distance give it advantage over common label identification technology, there will be a good prospect for it in rail ticket fields. Key Words: RFID, rail ticket system, application 1. Introduction With the large-scale construction of passenger-dedicated lines, to meet the high-speed railway passenger flow, high density operators need, and railway station must enhance the efficiency of sailing and checking ticket, raise the automation level of the whole system, improve the ticket security capabilities, and increase the amount of information of ticket system itself. Thus we can get the passenger transport data exactly and quickly, easy for the staff to carry out a variety of passenger marketing services. RFID is a kind of new technology in the field of label identification, which is the combination of RF technology and IC card technology. Some tags require no battery and are powered by the electromagnetic fields used to read them. Others use a local power source and emit radio waves (electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies). The tag contains electronically stored information which can be read from up to several meters (yards) away. Unlike a bar code, the tag does not need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. With the continuous development of technology, RFID products are more and more abundant, RFID in ticket applications are also more and more widely. But in Chinese railway passenger transport area, the application of RFID is very limited. But with the increase of its market share, A technology of RFID storm is about to start
2.The advantage of RFID technology Compared with other automatic identification technology products,RFID has several advantages: 2.1 Data storage capacity Other automatic identification technology,maximum data capacity of a two-dimensional bar code can store only the 2725 figures,if they contain letters, the storage capacity will be less.While the storage capacity of RFID is more than 294 2.2 Read and write speed Using a non-contact manner to read the information,usually in a few milliseconds can complete a read and write.The anti-collision mechanism can simultaneously handle multiple tags,batch identification. 2.3 Data security RFID coding is fixed in the chip that cannot be copied and changed,and the technology is difficult to counterfeit and intrusive. 2.4 Superior physical properties RFID can store either permanent data or non-permanent data.Data can be dynamically updated,re-use for a long time,high and low temperature resistance It is able to adapt to any working environment and working conditions,particular in oil,dust,radiation and other harsh environments. 2.5 Reading and writing convenience Reading data doesn't need a light source,even can through the packaging. Passive remote reading and writing distances can up to 1.5 meters.Comes with battery active tags effectively identify the distance up to 30 meters
2. The advantage of RFlD technology Compared with other automatic identification technology products, RFID has several advantages: 2.1 Data storage capacity Other automatic identification technology, maximum data capacity of a two-dimensional bar code can store only the 2725 figures, if they contain letters, the storage capacity will be less. While the storage capacity of RFID is more than 2 94 . 2.2 Read and write speed Using a non-contact manner to read the information, usually in a few milliseconds can complete a read and write. The anti-collision mechanism can simultaneously handle multiple tags, batch identification. 2.3 Data security RFID coding is fixed in the chip that cannot be copied and changed, and the technology is difficult to counterfeit and intrusive. 2.4 Superior physical properties RFID can store either permanent data or non-permanent data. Data can be dynamically updated, re-use for a long time, high and low temperature resistance. It is able to adapt to any working environment and working conditions, particular in oil, dust, radiation and other harsh environments. 2.5 Reading and writing convenience Reading data doesn’t need a light source, even can through the packaging. Passive remote reading and writing distances can up to 1.5 meters. Comes with battery active tags effectively identify the distance up to 30 meters
2.6 Sharing Using the Internet to share information,increase visibility. 3.Studying and application of RFID tickets in China In the domestic city track traffic field,in Shanghai,Guangzhou,Nanjing and other cities,most of the routes select the RFID vote,but some key technologies are still rely on imports.Taking Nanjing Metro as an example,the s electronic ticket of AFC system mainly includes one-way ticket and contactless smart card.A one-way ticket to introduce TOKEN technology,similar to the shape of the 1 Yuan coin, internal is non-contact integrated circuit(IC chip,a capacity of 5Kbit,can be read and write repeatedly,pseudo performance is strong,easy to keep,not afraid of surface dust,damp and oil pollution.Compare with the plug-in magnetic card ticket,can greatly reduce the failure may be caused by the fare collection equipment,to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.Stored value ticket with strong compatibility non-contact CPU card,realize the"Nanjing city traffic card". In China Railway Ticketing area,the Guangzhou-Shenzhen railway using disposable RFID paper ticket as operation ticket,realized the automatic fare collection.The RFID ticket based on Philips MiFare technology and compatible the IS014443 interface standard,the information stored in the chip is encrypted, equipped with a special RFID reader.This reader can automatically read the ticket data when passengers in and out a station,and destruct data after passengers out of the station automatically. 4.Structure of RFID railway ticket system According to the function,RFID railway ticket system can be divided into 5 layers. The first layer is the data center of Ministry of Railways;the second district level ticket data center;the third layer is the station ticket system;the fourth layer is the station's AFC terminal equipment,including window ticket vending machine, automatic ticket vending machine(TVM),automatic gate machine(AGM);the fifth layer is all kinds of tickets,such as RFID long-term ticket one-way ticket,RFID stored-value card. The whole system structure as shown in Figure 1
2.6 Sharing Using the Internet to share information, increase visibility. 3. Studying and application of RFID tickets in China In the domestic city track traffic field, in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing and other cities, most of the routes select the RFID vote, but some key technologies are still rely on imports. Taking Nanjing Metro as an example, the s electronic ticket of AFC system mainly includes one-way ticket and contactless smart card. A one-way ticket to introduce TOKEN technology, similar to the shape of the 1 Yuan coin, internal is non-contact integrated circuit ( IC ) chip, a capacity of 5Kbit, can be read and write repeatedly, pseudo performance is strong, easy to keep, not afraid of surface dust, damp and oil pollution. Compare with the plug-in magnetic card ticket, can greatly reduce the failure may be caused by the fare collection equipment, to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. Stored value ticket with strong compatibility non-contact CPU card, realize the “Nanjing city traffic card”. In China Railway Ticketing area, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen railway using disposable RFID paper ticket as operation ticket, realized the automatic fare collection. The RFID ticket based on Philips MiFare technology and compatible the IS014443 interface standard, the information stored in the chip is encrypted, equipped with a special RFID reader. This reader can automatically read the ticket data when passengers in and out a station, and destruct data after passengers out of the station automatically. 4. Structure of RFID railway ticket system According to the function, RFID railway ticket system can be divided into 5 layers. The first layer is the data center of Ministry of Railways; the second district level ticket data center; the third layer is the station ticket system; the fourth layer is the station’s AFC terminal equipment, including window ticket vending machine, automatic ticket vending machine (TVM), automatic gate machine (AGM); the fifth layer is all kinds of tickets, such as RFID long-term ticket one-way ticket, RFID stored-value card. The whole system structure as shown in Figure 1
key long-term ticket and long-term ticket and passenger data center of management stored-value card storage stored-value card business information system Ministry of system management system settlement system Railways original ticket system application of the Ministry of Railways call center stored value card ticketing access Customer Relationship Management data center of system district level original ticket system application of district center long-term ticket and stored-value card issuing and one-way ticket booking system management system station ticket RFID middleware system original ticket system application of the station window ticket automatic ticket Automatic ticket Portable automatic gate vending vending dispensing replacement machine equipment machine machine machines ticket machine RFID reader Passenger Ticket one-way ticket long-term ticket stored-value card Figure 1 RFID railway ticket system structure The function of RFID railway ticket system include the original operation management,transaction processing,business management,seat management, path calculation,fare calculation,revenue management,statistics,monitoring and management system,increase the long-term ticket management, stored-value card management,passenger information management,clearing and other business functions.The key of system devices include multiple votes' compatible RFID reader and automatic fare collection equipment,application software include issuance of a one-way ticket,long-term ticket and stored-value card,vending use a stored-value card,an automatic fare collection system compatible one-way ticket,and long-term vote,and other subsystems. 5.Design of RFID ticket 5.1 One-way ticket Since the introduction of RFID technology,ticketing system can realize the automatic ticket checking both at the station and on the train.Business flow chart is like in Figure 2
data center of Ministry of Railways key management system long-term ticket and stored-value card storage management system long-term ticket and stored-value card business settlement system passenger information system original ticket system application of the Ministry of Railways data center of district level call center stored value card ticketing access system Customer Relationship Management original ticket system application of district center station ticket system one-way ticket booking system long-term ticket and stored-value card issuing and management system RFID middleware original ticket system application of the station equipment window ticket vending machine automatic ticket vending machine automatic gate machine Automatic ticket dispensing machines Portable replacement ticket machine RFID reader Passenger Ticket one-way ticket long-term ticket stored-value card Figure 1 RFID railway ticket system structure The function of RFID railway ticket system include the original operation management, transaction processing, business management, seat management, path calculation, fare calculation, revenue management, statistics, monitoring and management system, increase the long-term ticket management, stored-value card management, passenger information management, clearing and other business functions. The key of system devices include multiple votes’ compatible RFID reader and automatic fare collection equipment, application software include issuance of a one-way ticket, long-term ticket and stored-value card, vending use a stored-value card, an automatic fare collection system compatible one-way ticket, and long-term vote, and other subsystems. 5. Design of RFID ticket 5.1 One-way ticket Since the introduction of RFID technology, ticketing system can realize the automatic ticket checking both at the station and on the train. Business flow chart is like in Figure 2
Automatic ticket Generated Make Ticket:Print Automatic ticket Automatic ticket ticketing information and write in checking in the checking on the checking out the station data the RFID tag station train Figure 2 One-way ticket business flow chart The characteristics of the one-way ticket are large amount,less memory information.Therefore it should be the choice of small capacity,can be repeatedly read and write times lower,cheap paper logic encryption type label. No need for recycling,and can be used as a passenger receipt. 5.2 Long-term ticket Long-term ticket is one type that passenger purchased once,use many times, directly wicket on the train.Free seats in the case of non-reserved seating,a business process diagram shown in Figure 3.Less process business links.High efficiency,and save a lot of time of the passengers.This application is a good ideal for intercity frequent flyer. To generate Automatic ticket Passengers buy Automatic ticket long-term checking out the long-term tickets checking in the station tickets and station Print invoices Figure 3 Long-term ticket business flow chart(free seats) In the stable seats system,passengers need to order the seat before they get the train by telephone or internet..Its business flow chart is shown in Figure 4. To generate long-term Passengers buy Search the train and Print the seat number tickets and long-term tickets order the seat Print invoices Automatic ticket Automatic ticket checking out the checking in the station station Figure 4 Long-term ticket business flow chart(stable seats)
Figure 2 One-way ticket business flow chart The characteristics of the one-way ticket are large amount, less memory information. Therefore it should be the choice of small capacity, can be repeatedly read and write times lower, cheap paper logic encryption type label. No need for recycling, and can be used as a passenger receipt. 5.2 Long-term ticket Long-term ticket is one type that passenger purchased once, use many times, directly wicket on the train. Free seats in the case of non-reserved seating, a business process diagram shown in Figure 3. Less process business links. High efficiency, and save a lot of time of the passengers. This application is a good ideal for intercity frequent flyer. Figure 3 Long-term ticket business flow chart (free seats) In the stable seats system, passengers need to order the seat before they get the train by telephone or internet. .Its business flow chart is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 Long-term ticket business flow chart (stable seats)
The long-term ticket can save passengers'time,can be recycled,low cost,and reducing the pollution caused by expired invalidations.Its characteristic is long-term and effective,support repeated read and write.So the ticket type we select should has the large capacity,can be repeatedly read and write many times, and simple logic encryption card package. 5.3 stored-value card Stored-value card is a discount card for travelers,business process diagram as shown in Figure 5.The passengers can buy the card in the ticket office or ticket vending machines,and save money in it.When passenger book a ticket,use the money in card directly,and can enjoy a discount. Buy a Save money Use the card to buy tickets with a discount stored-value card in the card Automatic ticket checking in the station Automatic ticket checking out the station Figure 4 stored-value card business flow chart The characteristics of this stored-value card are the travelers long held,used with a high frequency.Its stability and reliability is very important,so better to use the card which has large memory capacity,can be repeatedly read and write many times,and has good package CPU. 6.Conclusion Preliminary research and discussion on the application of RFID technology in railway ticket system put forward RFID one-way ticket,long-term ticket stored-value and card three business models.With the further development of RFID technology,the popularity of RFID applications and the leap of railway passenger capacity in recent years,RFID technology will play an active role in the field of railway passenger
The long-term ticket can save passengers’ time, can be recycled, low cost, and reducing the pollution caused by expired invalidations. Its characteristic is long-term and effective, support repeated read and write. So the ticket type we select should has the large capacity, can be repeatedly read and write many times, and simple logic encryption card package. 5.3 stored-value card Stored-value card is a discount card for travelers, business process diagram as shown in Figure 5. The passengers can buy the card in the ticket office or ticket vending machines, and save money in it. When passenger book a ticket, use the money in card directly, and can enjoy a discount. Figure 4 stored-value card business flow chart The characteristics of this stored-value card are the travelers long held, used with a high frequency. Its stability and reliability is very important, so better to use the card which has large memory capacity, can be repeatedly read and write many times, and has good package CPU. 6. Conclusion Preliminary research and discussion on the application of RFID technology in railway ticket system put forward RFID one-way ticket, long-term ticket stored-value and card three business models. With the further development of RFID technology, the popularity of RFID applications and the leap of railway passenger capacity in recent years, RFID technology will play an active role in the field of railway passenger
Reference 1.Wang C,Shi T,Jiang Q,Zhang Y,"RFID technology will play an active role in the field of railway passenger"2007 Articles Collection RFID Technology for Transportation Logistics Industry,2007 2.Ju B,"Several views of the RFID technology applied in the railroad"Science Mosaic,2007 3.Wu M,"Research on electronic ticket for Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway based on UHF RFID"Railway Computer Application,2011 4.Wang C,Shi T,Jiang Q,Zhang Y,Bai X,"Application of perennial ticket and storage card to China Railway Passenger Transport System based on RFID" Railway Computer Application,2008
Reference 1. Wang C, Shi T, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, “RFID technology will play an active role in the field of railway passenger” 2007 Articles Collection ： RFID Technology for Transportation & Logistics Industry,2007 2. Ju B, ”Several views of the RFID technology applied in the railroad” Science Mosaic,2007 3. Wu M, “Research on electronic ticket for Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway based on UHF RFID” Railway Computer Application,2011 4. Wang C, Shi T, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Bai X, “Application of perennial ticket and storage card to China Railway Passenger Transport System based on RFID” Railway Computer Application,2008