OYERALL 为 MGUME EYACE 怡←与学 FLOOR eurracna 4Pa纠pL似LRN
Answer: 1.(a)Total dead load at foundation=8 w A=8x7.175 x 1116.3=64075.62kN w=150 Pound/ft2=150x4.45N/0.3052m2=7.175kN/m2 A=140x60+60x60ft2=12000ft2=12000x0.3052m2=1116.3m2 (b)Total area units =20 (c)Load per area unit 64075.62/20=3204kN/unit 2.Column axial force of dead loads Na=1.5x3203.78=4806kN;Nb=Nc=1X3203.78=3204kN;Nd=0.5x3204=1602kN; Ne=2x3204=6408kN 3.Column axial force of wind load in main wind direction,Nb=Ne=0 4.5Ndx60x0.305=20x47.84x8x3mx80x0.305x12m, Nd=Nc=81.65kN,Na=0.5x81.65=40.83kN 4.Column axial force of wind load in another direction if Na=x.Ne=Nc=3x.Nd=7x, 60x0.305x24x12x20x47.84=2Nax0.305(7x140+5x100+3x60+1x20) Na=4.92kN,Ne=Nc-14.76kN,Nd=34.44kN, 0.5Nb=34.44x2/1.5/2=22.96kN 5.Column axial force of wind load in another direction 1.5Nbx60x0.305+1.5Nb/3)x20x0.305=60x0.305x24x12x20x47.84, 0.5Nb=0.5x(180.69)=90.34kN Therefore Nb=22.96+90.34=113.3kN. Ne=0.5x180.69/3+0.5x14.76x2/1.5=30.12+9.84=39.96kN Na=90.34+0.5x4.92x2/1.5=93.62kN 6.The Maximal Wind Load: Na=93.62kN,Nb=113.3kN,Nc=81.65kN,Nd=81.65kN,Ne=39.96kN
Answer: 1.(a) Total dead load at foundation =8 w A=8x7.175 x 1116.3=64075.62kN w=150Pound/ft²=150x4.45N/0.305²m²=7.175kN/m² A=140x60+60x60ft²=12000 ft²=12000x0.305 ²m ²=1116.3 m ² (b) Total area units = 20 (c) Load per area unit = 64075.62/20=3204kN/unit 2. Column axial force of dead loads Na=1.5x3203.78=4806kN; Nb= Nc = 1X3203.78=3204kN; Nd=0.5x3204=1602kN; Ne=2x3204=6408kN 3. Column axial force of wind load in main wind direction, Nb=Ne=0 4.5Ndx60x0.305=20x47.84x8x3mx80x0.305x12m, Nd=Nc=81.65kN,Na=0.5x81.65=40.83kN 4. Column axial force of wind load in another direction if Na=x,Ne=Nc=3x,Nd=7x, 60x0.305x24x12x20x47.84=2Nax0.305(7x140+5x100+3x60+1x20) Na=4.92kN, Ne=Nc=14.76kN, Nd=34.44kN, 0.5Nb=34.44x2/1.5/2=22.96kN 5. Column axial force of wind load in another direction 1.5Nbx60x0.305+1.5(Nb/3)x20x0.305=60x0.305x24x12x20x47.84, 0.5Nb=0.5x(180.69)=90.34kN Therefore Nb=22.96+90.34=113.3kN, Ne=0.5x180.69/3+0.5x14.76x2/1.5=30.12+9.84=39.96kN Na=90.34+0.5x4.92x2/1.5=93.62kN 6. The Maximal Wind Load: Na=93.62kN, Nb=113.3kN,Nc=81.65kN,Nd=81.65kN,Ne=39.96kN
Summary of tube action -Very good in strength and stiffness Flange part of square tube takes 75 total bending moment Web part of square tube takes 90%shear force -Horizontal and vertical subsystems work together to achieve tube action
Summary of tube action -Very good in strength and stiffness - Flange part of square tube takes 75 % total bending moment - Web part of square tube takes 90% shear force -Horizontal and vertical subsystems work together to achieve tube action
Fig 3-18 Interaction of vertical and horizontal subsystem of tube structure TOTAL SYSTEM: SHEAR TRANSFERRED BENDING STRESSES IN BENDING STRESSES IN 4 VERTICAL PLANES BY PLANES WHICH ARE SHEAR RESISTING PLANES TOTAL SYSTEM(TRANSVERSE JOINED AT CORNERS PARALLEL TO (H) PLANES ACT BECAUSE AND ONE HORIZONTAL JOINED TO SHEAR PLANES) PLANE CLOSING TOP (oc TENDENCY TO BUCKLE
Fig 3-18 Interaction of vertical and horizontal subsystem of tube structure
Fig 3-21 Horizontal subsystem increase stiffness of vertical subsystem DL VERTICAL SECTIONS A-A b he e ne 1 ZONES WHERE BUCKLING LOCALIZED BUCKLING STIF FNESS INCREASES- Is POSSIBLE AS h EFFECTIVE DECREASES
Fig 3-21 Horizontal subsystem increase stiffness of vertical subsystem
(a) (b) (c) Different tube design : (d) (e) () (9) (h) (i) 前 口 (j) (k) (1)
Different tube design ( a ) ( b ) (c ) ( d) (e ) ( f ) ( g) ( h ) ( i ) ( j ) ( k ) ( l )
140 140 130 120 房屋总层数 110 110 100 000000 80 60 040010 40 30 框架 框架剪力墙 框架核心筒外框筒中筒 桁架筒中筒 束筒 巨型支撑核心筒 结构体系
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 30 40 60 80 100 110 140 框架 框架剪力墙 框架核心筒 外框筒中筒 桁架筒中筒 束筒 巨型支撑核心筒 结构体系 房 屋 总 层 数
800m BuriDubaiSkyscraper.com Under Construction Skyscrapers 700m WWW.ANSPACE.NET 600rm 500m 400m 300m 200m 100rm Burj Dubai World Finanical Center Internalional Commerce Centre Dubai Towers Trump Inlemnalional Holel Princess Towe Dubai Shanghai Hong Kong Doha Chicago Dubai -800m 492m 484m 445m 415m -400m
Shanghai World Financial Center Truss tube outside Core tube Belt-Trusses Mega-Diagonale Belt-Trusses 3-storey Outrigger Truss
Shanghai World Financial Center Truss tube outside + Core tube
迪拜哈利法塔，束筒结构 160层，高828米（不均匀沉降）
迪拜哈利法塔，束筒结构 160层，高828米(不均匀沉降）