Innovative thinking in engineering .The first pre-stressed RC structure was the grandstand of Caracas,Venezuela.1954 ● The cantilever was 27m and the shell thickness was just 7.5cm. The quality of pre-stressed cantilever shell structure is so reliable that T.Y.tested it by jumping at the cantilever tip in 1984,it performed safe and stable
Innovative thinking in engineering • . The first pre-stressed RC structure was the grandstand of Caracas,Venezuela.1954 • The cantilever was 27m and the shell thickness was just 7.5cm. • The quality of pre-stressed cantilever shell structure is so reliable that T.Y. tested it by jumping at the cantilever tip in 1984, it performed safe and stable
Innovative thinking in engineering 5km Classical Suspension 1km 3km 1km 2:Hybrid Double-Cantilever Suspension 8 3:Hybrid Cable-Stayed Suspension
Innovative thinking in engineering • The alternative of 14km route crossing the gulf was adopted, three piers were built with 450m pile foundation • The mixed type Gibraltar bridge uses suspension bridge spanned 3000m in the middle and a cantilever for both 1000m to support the cable in the middle by inclined struts at the both sides
Innovative thinking in engineering Ling-tie was designed for the crossing of Yong river in Nanning,Guangxi China. A pair of inclined steel arch formed a saddle support the curved 300m steel box girder with 6-lanes traffic. The approaches are the post-tensioned RC box girders on RC piers. Both sound structural features as well as the aesthetics uniqueness made the bridge a landmark of the city
Innovative thinking in engineering • Ling-tie was designed for the crossing of Yong river in Nanning, Guangxi China. • A pair of inclined steel arch formed a saddle support the curved 300m steel box girder with 6-lanes traffic. • The approaches are the post-tensioned RC box girders on RC piers. • Both sound structural features as well as the aesthetics uniqueness made the bridge a landmark of the city
Innovative thinking in engineering
Innovative thinking in engineering
Summary: 1.To have an overall picture of civil engineering 2.To be creative engineers on the phase of schematic design
Summary: 1. To have an overall picture of civil engineering 2. To be creative engineers on the phase of schematic design
Chapter 1 Structure in the Architectural Design 1.1.Introduction 1.2 The Architectural Design Process 1.3 Different Educational Modes 1.4 Structures and Other Subsystems
Chapter 1 Structure in the Architectural Design 1.1. Introduction 1.2 The Architectural Design Process 1.3 Different Educational Modes 1.4 Structures and Other Subsystems
1.1 Introduction 1 Basic definitions Civil Engineering ---The collection of fixed artificial construction in order to improve the living conditions. Architecture---to satisfy the functions of building.Its three components are:Architectural space composition;Architectural expression aesthetics;Conformity in environment landscape. Structure ---a series of solid components to form skeleton with carrying capacity against loads. Architect---is responsible of architectural space composition; outer/inner contour expression (including skyline and decoration aesthetics )and conformity in environment landscape Structural Engineer---is responsible of planning,design, construction,maintenance and replacement of structures
1.1 Introduction 1 Basic definitions Civil Engineering ---The collection of fixed artificial construction in order to improve the living conditions . Architecture --- to satisfy the functions of building. Its three components are: Architectural space composition; Architectural expression aesthetics; Conformity in environment landscape. Structure --- a series of solid components to form skeleton with carrying capacity against loads. Architect --- is responsible of architectural space composition; outer/inner contour expression (including skyline and decoration aesthetics ) and conformity in environment landscape Structural Engineer --- is responsible of planning, design, construction, maintenance and replacement of structures
Structural Engineer--Concern the force flow-横向传递型结构 一三三三三三三三三三三三三三三三三一 受压区 “力流”(force flow)是结构中荷载由作用点到地基支座传递的几何 轨迹和构件受力大小的形象表述。力流有方向和强度两个特性，力 流的方向就是结构中荷载传递的几何轨迹方向（常与主应力方向二 致)，力流的强度就是结构构件受力的大小
Structural Engineer --- Concern the force flow--横向传递型结构 P 受压区 “力流”(force flow)是结构中荷载由作用点到地基支座传递的几何 轨迹和构件受力大小的形象表述。力流有方向和强度两个特性，力 流的方向就是结构中荷载传递的几何轨迹方向(常与主应力方向一 致），力流的强度就是结构构件受力的大小
Structural Engineer-Concern the force flow-一折线性传递结构 力流有一个类似“水流”的自然特性，它总是按最短、最流畅的几何 路径将荷载由作用点传到地基支座。这点可由结构的最小作用量原 理来解释。因为力流所过之处必然会伴随着结构材料的应变产生， 从而产生相应的应变能，而一个正常平衡稳定的结构所具有的结构 应变能应为最小。过长和多余转折的力流路径必然会使结构所蓄的 应变能增加，有悖于结构的最小作用量原理这一自然规律
Structural Engineer --- Concern the force flow—折线性传递结构 PPP 力流有一个类似“水流”的自然特性，它总是按最短、最流畅的几何 路径将荷载由作用点传到地基支座。这点可由结构的最小作用量原 理来解释。因为力流所过之处必然会伴随着结构材料的应变产生， 从而产生相应的应变能，而一个正常平衡稳定的结构所具有的结构 应变能应为最小。过长和多余转折的力流路径必然会使结构所蓄的 应变能增加, 有悖于结构的最小作用量原理这一自然规律
Structural Engineer--Concern the force flow-流线传递型结构 0 户 D 早期的方案设计阶段，工程师的任务就是在结构中设计或策划力流 导向(force flow line re-.directing),找到一条最短最流畅的力流轨迹 线，这也就是结构设计中选择平立面布置的基本理念
Structural Engineer --- Concern the force flow--流线传递型结构 早期的方案设计阶段，工程师的任务就是在结构中设计或策划力流 导向(force flow line re-directing)， 找到一条最短最流畅的力流轨迹 线，这也就是结构设计中选择平立面布置的基本理念