教案 课程名称 英国文学 授课专业和班级 英语本科 授课内容 Charlotte Bronte 授课学时 To let the students see the significance of literature. 教学目的 To let the students have the general impression of British literature. To let the students get basic knowledge of British literature To get to know the general clue of British literary history 教学重点与To get to know the important British writers and literary works 难点 To get to know some key terms To know some methods for literary appreciation and criticism 教学方法 82emmnds 辅助手段 Projector,audio-video machine L.Life Charlotte Bronte was born in 1816,the third daughter of the Rev.Patrick Bronte and his wife Maria.Her brother Patrick 10 Branwell was born in 1817,and her sisters Emily and Anne in 1818 and 1820.In 1820,too,the Bronte family moved to Haworth,Mrs.Bronte dyingthe followingyear. In 1824 the four eldest Bronte daughters were enrolled as pupils at the Clergy Daughter's School at Cowan Bridge.The following year Maria and Elizabeth,the two eldest daughters. became ill,left the school and died:Charlotte and Emily
教 案 课程名称 英国文学 授课专业和班级 英语本科 授课内容 Charlotte Bronte 授课学时 2 教学目的 To let the students see the significance of literature; To let the students have the general impression of British literature. To let the students get basic knowledge of British literature 教学重点与 难点 To get to know the general clue of British literary history To get to know the important British writers and literary works To get to know some key terms To know some methods for literary appreciation and criticism 教学方法 Open questions and answers in class Class discussion and analysis 辅助手段 Projector, audio-video machine I. Life Charlotte Brontë was born in 1816, the third daughter of the Rev. Patrick Brontë and his wife Maria. Her brother Patrick Branwell was born in 1817, and her sisters Emily and Anne in 1818 and 1820. In 1820, too, the Brontë family moved to Haworth, Mrs. Brontë dying the following year. In 1824 the four eldest Brontë daughters were enrolled as pupils at the Clergy Daughter's School at Cowan Bridge. The following year Maria and Elizabeth, the two eldest daughters, became ill, left the school and died: Charlotte and Emily, 10’
understandably,were brought home. In 1826 Mr.Bronte brought home a box of wooden soldiers for Branwell to play with.Charlotte,Emily,Branwell,and Ann playing with the soldiers,conceived of and began to write in great detail about an imaginary world which they called Angria. In 1831 Charlotte became a pupil at the school at Roe Head. but she left school the following year to teach her sisters at home She returned returns to Roe Head School in 1835 as a governess for a time her sister Emily attended the same school as a pupil but became homesick and returned to Haworth.Ann took her place from 1836 to 1837. In 1838,Charlotte left Roe Head School.In 1839 she accepted a position as governess in the Sidgewick family,but left after three months and returned to Haworth.In 1841 she became governess in the White family,but left,once again,after nine 10 months. Upon her return to Haworth the three sisters,led by Charlotte,decided to open their own school after the necessary preparations had been completed.In 1842 Charlotte and Emily went to Brussels to complete their studies.After a trip home to
understandably, were brought home. In 1826 Mr. Brontë brought home a box of wooden soldiers for Branwell to play with. Charlotte, Emily, Branwell, and Ann, playing with the soldiers, conceived of and began to write in great detail about an imaginary world which they called Angria. In 1831 Charlotte became a pupil at the school at Roe Head, but she left school the following year to teach her sisters at home. She returned returns to Roe Head School in 1835 as a governess: for a time her sister Emily attended the same school as a pupil, but became homesick and returned to Haworth. Ann took her place from 1836 to 1837. In 1838, Charlotte left Roe Head School. In 1839 she accepted a position as governess in the Sidgewick family, but left after three months and returned to Haworth. In 1841 she became governess in the White family, but left, once again, after nine months. Upon her return to Haworth the three sisters, led by Charlotte, decided to open their own school after the necessary preparations had been completed. In 1842 Charlotte and Emily went to Brussels to complete their studies. After a trip home to 10’
Haworth,Charlotte returned alone to Brussels,where she remained until 1844. Upon her retum home the sisters embarked upon their project for founding a school,which proved to be an abject failure:their advertisements did not elicit a single response from the public. The following year Charlotte discovered Emily's poems,and decided to publish a selection of the poems of all three sisters: 1846 brought the publication of their Poems,written under the pseudonyms of Currer,Ellis and Acton Bell.Charlotte also completed The Professor;which was rejected for publication.The following year,however,Charlottes Jane Eyre,Emily's Wuthering Heights,and Ann's Agnes Grey were all published,still under the Bell pseudonyms. In 1848 Charlotte and Ann visited their publishers in London,and revealed the true identities of the "Bells."In the same year Branwell Bronte,by now an alcoholic and a drug addict,died,and Emily died shortly thereafter.Ann died the following year. 10 In 1849 Charlotte,visiting London,began to move in literary circles,making the acquaintance,for example,of Thackeray.In
Haworth, Charlotte returned alone to Brussels, where she remained until 1844. Upon her return home the sisters embarked upon their project for founding a school, which proved to be an abject failure: their advertisements did not elicit a single response from the public. The following year Charlotte discovered Emily's poems, and decided to publish a selection of the poems of all three sisters: 1846 brought the publication of their Poems, written under the pseudonyms of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Charlotte also completed The Professor, which was rejected for publication. The following year, however, Charlotte's Jane Eyre, Emily's Wuthering Heights, and Ann's Agnes Grey were all published, still under the Bell pseudonyms. In 1848 Charlotte and Ann visited their publishers in London, and revealed the true identities of the "Bells." In the same year Branwell Brontë, by now an alcoholic and a drug addict, died, and Emily died shortly thereafter. Ann died the following year. In 1849 Charlotte, visiting London, began to move in literary circles, making the acquaintance, for example, of Thackeray. In 10’
1850 Charlotte edited her sister's various works,and met Mrs Gaskell.In 1851she visited the Great Exhibition in London,and attended a series of lectures given by Thackeray. The Rev.A.B.Nicholls,curate of Haworth since 1845 proposed marriage to Charlotte in 1852.The Rev.Mr.Bronte objected violently,and Charlotte,who,though she may have pitied him,was in any case not in love with him,refused him. Nicholls left Haworth in the following year,the same in which Charlotte's Villette was published.By 1854,however,Mr. Brontes opposition to the proposed marriage had weakened,and Charlotte and Nicholls became engaged.Nicholls retumed as curate at Haworth,and they were married,though it seems clea that Charlotte,though sheadmired him,still did not love him. In 1854 Charlotte,expecting a child,caught pneumonia.It was an illness which could have been cured,but she seems to have seized upon it (consciously or unconsciously)as an opportunity of ending her life,and after a lengthy and painfu illness,she died,probably ofdehydration. 1857 saw the postumous publication of The Professor,which had been written in 1845-46,and in that same year Mrs.Gaskell's
1850 Charlotte edited her sister's various works, and met Mrs. Gaskell. In 1851she visited the Great Exhibition in London, and attended a series of lectures given by Thackeray. The Rev. A. B. Nicholls, curate of Haworth since 1845, proposed marriage to Charlotte in 1852. The Rev. Mr. Brontë objected violently, and Charlotte, who, though she may have pitied him, was in any case not in love with him, refused him. Nicholls left Haworth in the following year, the same in which Charlotte's Villette was published. By 1854, however, Mr. Brontë's opposition to the proposed marriage had weakened, and Charlotte and Nicholls became engaged. Nicholls returned as curate at Haworth, and they were married, though it seems clear that Charlotte, though she admired him, still did not love him. In 1854 Charlotte, expecting a child, caught pneumonia. It was an illness which could have been cured, but she seems to have seized upon it (consciously or unconsciously) as an opportunity of ending her life, and after a lengthy and painful illness, she died, probably of dehydration. 1857 saw the postumous publication of The Professor, which had been written in 1845-46, and in that same year Mrs. Gaskell's
Life ofCharlotte Bronte was published II.Major works: Professor (1857),Shirley (1849),Villette (1853),and Jane Eyre(1847) III.Features of her novels: 5 Greatly influences by Scott and Byron,her novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. ⊙ In her novels,Charlotte presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty,hypocrisy,inequality,and other evils of the upper classes,and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. All Charlotte's works show an intense love for the beauty of nature,be it the cultivated field or the wild,rough moorland,be it a verdant forest or a moth or a butterfly. Another obvious feature with her novels is that her heroines (all her novels have heroines instead of heroes)are neve endowed with the traditional virtues,such as brilliant beauty, gentleness and subservience. Charlotte is a“subjective”writer.By the term“subjective”we are referring to those writers who tend to write about themselves
Life of Charlotte Brontëwas published. II. Major works: Professor (1857), Shirley (1849), Villette (1853), and Jane Eyre (1847) III. Features of her novels: Greatly influences by Scott and Byron, her novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. In her novels, Charlotte presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy, inequality, and other evils of the upper classes, and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. All Charlotte’s works show an intense love for the beauty of nature, be it the cultivated field or the wild, rough moorland, be it a verdant forest or a moth or a butterfly. Another obvious feature with her novels is that her heroines (all her novels have heroines instead of heroes) are never endowed with the traditional virtues, such as brilliant beauty, gentleness and subservience. Charlotte is a “subjective” writer. By the term “subjective” we are referring to those writers who tend to write about themselves 5’ 10’
and to recreate a world of their life and experience,and whose works often convey a subjective impression or picture where everything and everybody is seen through the eyes of the authors and where every means is succumbed to the conveyance of this subjectivity. Just like Dickens and Thackeray,Charlotte Bronte gives us realistic pictures of the social life of the 19th century in her novels.But her realism is colored by petty-bourgeois philanthropy.She believes that education is the key to all social problems,and that by the improvement of the school system,and most ofthe social evils could be removed. I Jane Eyre: 1.Plot The plot of Jane Eyre follows the form of a Bildungsroman, which is a novel that tells the story of a child's maturation and focuses on the emotions and experiences that accompany and 10' incite his or her growth to adulthood.Even since its publication Jane Eyre has appealed to the general reading public.It is known as a work of critical realism as well as the first and one of the most popular works of the working middle-class women.Its social criticism is found in its vivid description of life of a poor orphan left dependent on some selfish,cold-hearted people and
and to recreate a world of their life and experience, and whose works often convey a subjective impression or picture where everything and everybody is seen through the eyes of the authors and where every means is succumbed to the conveyance of this subjectivity. Just like Dickens and Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte gives us realistic pictures of the social life of the 19th century in her novels. But her realism is colored by petty-bourgeois philanthropy. She believes that education is the key to all social problems, and that by the improvement of the school system, and most of the social evils could be removed. I. Jane Eyre: 1. Plot The plot of Jane Eyre follows the form of a Bildungsroman, which is a novel that tells the story of a child’s maturation and focuses on the emotions and experiences that accompany and incite his or her growth to adulthood. Even since its publication, Jane Eyre has appealed to the general reading public. It is known as a work of critical realism as well as the first and one of the most popular works of the working middle-class women. Its social criticism is found in its vivid description of life of a poor orphan left dependent on some selfish, cold-hearted people and 10’
her hard struggle to retain her dignity as a human being.Another factor for the popularity of the novel lies in the fact that it is the first governess novel in the history of English literature.Instead of the rich,gentry,frail,modest and virtuous beauties of the conventional heroines,here we have a small,plain,poor govemness who begins her life all alone,with nobody caring for her and nothing attractive.What she has is an intense feeling,a ready sympathy and a strongsense ofequality and independence. Besides Jane's exceptional personalities,the book is also hailed as a representative work of feminist writings,i.e.works reflecting the experience and defending the interest of weaker sex.In a way it speaks not only for those unfortunate govemesses like Jane,but all the middle-class women and women ofall classes. 2.Here is an excerpt from Jane Eyre which is Jane's declaration to Mr.Rochester of her equality with him: "Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you?Do you think I am an automation?-a machine without feelings?And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips,and 5 my drop of living water dashed from my cup?Do you think. because I am poor,obscure,and plain,and little,I am soulless and heartless?-You think wrong!I have as much soul as you,-and fiull as much heart!If god had gifted me with some
her hard struggle to retain her dignity as a human being. Another factor for the popularity of the novel lies in the fact that it is the first governess novel in the history of English literature. Instead of the rich, gentry, frail, modest and virtuous beauties of the conventional heroines, here we have a small, plain, poor governess who begins her life all alone, with nobody caring for her and nothing attractive. What she has is an intense feeling, a ready sympathy and a strong sense of equality and independence. Besides Jane’s exceptional personalities, the book is also hailed as a representative work of feminist writings, i.e. works reflecting the experience and defending the interest of weaker sex. In a way, it speaks not only for those unfortunate governesses like Jane, but all the middle-class women and women of all classes. 2. Here is an excerpt from Jane Eyre which is Jane’s declaration to Mr. Rochester of her equality with him: “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automation?—a machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, and plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?—You think wrong! I have as much soul as you,-and full as much heart! If god had gifted me with some 5’
beauty,and much health,I should have made it as hard for you to leave me,as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom,conventionalities,or even of moral flesh:it is my spirit that addresses you spirit;jus as if both had passed through the grave,and we stood at god's feet,equal,-as we are!" 3.Characters The protagonist ofthe novel and the title character.Orphaned as a baby,she struggles through her nearly loveless childhood 10 and becomes governessat Thornfield Hall.Jane is passionate and opinionated,and values freedom and independence.She also has a strong conscience and is a determined Christian. Mr.Reed:Jane's maternal uncle,who adopts Jane when her parents die.According to Mrs.Reed,he pitied Jane and often cared for her more than for his own children.Before his own death,he makes his wife promise to care for Jane Mrs.Sarah Reed:Jane's aunt by marriage,who adopts Janeon her husband's wishes,butabuses and neglects her.She eventually disowns her and sends her to Lowood School
beauty, and much health, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, or even of moral flesh: it is my spirit that addresses you spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at god’s feet, equal,-as we are!” 3. Characters The protagonist of the novel and the title character. Orphaned as a baby, she struggles through her nearly loveless childhood and becomes governess at Thornfield Hall. Jane is passionate and opinionated, and values freedom and independence. She also has a strong conscience and is a determined Christian. Mr. Reed: Jane's maternal uncle, who adopts Jane when her parents die. According to Mrs. Reed, he pitied Jane and often cared for her more than for his own children. Before his own death, he makes his wife promise to care for Jane. Mrs. Sarah Reed: Jane's aunt by marriage, who adopts Jane on her husband's wishes, but abuses and neglects her. She eventually disowns her and sends her to Lowood School. 10’
4.Themes Morality Jane refuses to become Mr.Rochester's paramour because of her impassioned self-respect andmoral conviction."Sherejects St 10 John Rivers'Puritanism as much as the libertine aspects ofMr Rochester's character.Instead,she works out a morality expressed in love,independence,and forgiveness.Jane does not wantto be seen as an outcast to society or be a mistress to Rochester. God and religion Throughout the novel,Jane endeavours to attain an equilibrium between moral duty and earthly happiness.She despises the hypocriticalpuritanism ofMr.Brocklehurst,and sees the deficiencies in St.John Rivers'detached devotionto his Christian duty.Asa child she partly admires Helen Burns'turning the other cheek,which helps her to forgive Aunt Reed and the Reed cousins.Although she does not seem to subscribe to any ofthe standard forms ofpopular Christianity,she honourstraditional morality-in particular in not marrying Rochester until he is widowed.The last sentence of the novel(which is also the next to last line of the New Testament)is a prayer on behalfofSt.John
4. Themes Morality Jane refuses to become Mr. Rochester's paramour because of her "impassioned self-respect and moral conviction." She rejects St. John Rivers' Puritanism as much as the libertine aspects of Mr. Rochester's character. Instead, she works out a morality expressed in love, independence, and forgiveness. Jane does not want to be seen as an outcast to society or be a mistress to Rochester. God and religion Throughout the novel, Jane endeavours to attain an equilibrium between moral duty and earthly happiness. She despises the hypocritical puritanism of Mr. Brocklehurst, and sees the deficiencies in St. John Rivers' detached devotion to his Christian duty. As a child she partly admires Helen Burns' turning the other cheek, which helps her to forgive Aunt Reed and the Reed cousins. Although she does not seem to subscribe to any of the standard forms of popular Christianity, she honours traditional morality – in particular in not marrying Rochester until he is widowed. The last sentence of the novel (which is also the next to last line of the New Testament) is a prayer on behalf of St. John 10’ 5’
Rivers.Religion actstomoderate her behaviour but she never represses her true self. V.Literary motifs and allusions Jane Eyre uses many motifs from Gothic fiction,such as the Gothicmanor(Thornfield),the Byronic hero(Mr.Rochester)and 10 The Madwoman in the Attic(Bertha).whom Jane perceives as resembling"the foul German spectre-the Vampyre"(Chapter XXV)and who attacks her own brother in a distinctly vampiric way:"She sucked the blood:she said she'd drain my heart" (Chapter XX).The mystery ofThornfield manor with its dark secrets creates a typically Gothic atmosphere ofsuspense.When resolved,we then get the theme of madness,also commonin Gothic fiction,as is the motif oftwo characters,John Reed and Bertha Mason,who commit suicide.Although the novel contains no overt supernatural occurrences,hints ofapparently supernatural happenings are frequently mentioned such as Jane's prophetic dreams,her sense ofthe ghost ofher uncle,the lightning striking the chestnut tree on the night she agrees to marry Mr.Rochester,and Jane and Mr.Rochester beingableto hear each other's call over miles of separation when St John
Rivers. Religion acts to moderate her behaviour but she never represses her true self. V. Literary motifs and allusions Jane Eyre uses many motifsfrom Gothic fiction, such as the Gothic manor (Thornfield), the Byronic hero (Mr. Rochester) and The Madwoman in the Attic (Bertha), whom Jane perceives as resembling "the foul German spectre—the Vampyre" (Chapter XXV) and who attacks her own brother in a distinctly vampiric way: "She sucked the blood: she said she'd drain my heart" (Chapter XX). The mystery of Thornfield manor with its dark secrets creates a typically Gothic atmosphere of suspense. When resolved, we then get the theme of madness, also common in Gothic fiction, as is the motif of two characters, John Reed and Bertha Mason, who commit suicide. Although the novel contains no overt supernatural occurrences, hints of apparently supernatural happenings are frequently mentioned such as Jane's prophetic dreams, her sense of the ghost of her uncle, the lightning striking the chestnut tree on the night she agrees to marry Mr. Rochester, and Jane and Mr. Rochester being able to hear each other's call over miles of separation when St John 10’