Properties of Water
Properties of Water
Water content of selected organism and foods of mass of mass Marine 97 Broccoli 90 invertebrates Human fetus 93 Milk 88 (1 month) Fish 82 Apples 85 Human adult 70 Grapes 80 Eggs 75
Water content of selected organism and foods % of mass % of mass Marine invertebrates 97 Broccoli 90 Human fetus (1 month) 93 Milk 88 Fish 82 Apples 85 Human adult 70 Grapes 80 Eggs 75
Distribution of water on the earth Saline lakes (. 003% 0.01 Oceans 97.2% Polar ice Freshwater d 2.8% glaciers 0.3% 2% Saltwater 0.12% 0.167% Underground water Only a small percentage(<3%)of water on Earth is fresh water. Lakes and rivers account for just Over0 1% of the earth's total water
Distribution of Water on the Earth Only a small percentage (<3%) of water on Earth is fresh water. Lakes and rivers account for just 0ver 0.1% of the earth’s total water
Global water use(1900-2000) s00 49 4500 4000 3.500 Agricultural use 奥3 2.000 1500 L000 50 d Domestic use 19001920194019601980 2000
Global water use (1900-2000)
Hydrologic cycle Evaporation (hal formation Transpiration Precipitaton wapor Condensation Precipitation Processes that cycle water between air and earth surface
Hydrologic cycle Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Processes that cycle water between air and earth surface
Evaporation and transpiration HyO Hyo (rain or 以4 4,, H HO Transpiration is a process in which water escapes through the pores on leaf surfaces
Evaporation and transpiration Transpiration is a process in which water escapes through the pores on leaf surfaces
Composition of natural waters Fresh water: dissolved solids <0.1% Drinking water standard: dissolved solids <0. 05% Major constituents: Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 Sea water: dissolved solids N3.5%(Dead sea: 25%) Major constituents C- 9,000ppm Na* 10, 600 ppm SO4- 2, 600 ppm Mg2+ 1, 300 ppm HCO3 140 ppm Ca2+ 400 ppm Br- 65 ppm 380 ppm
Composition of natural waters • Fresh water: dissolved solids <0.1%. – Drinking water standard: dissolved solids <0.05% – Major constituents: Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 - . • Sea water: dissolved solids ~3.5% (Dead sea: 25%) – Major constituents Cl- 19,000 ppm Na+ 10,600 ppm SO4 2- 2,600 ppm Mg2+ 1,300 ppm HCO3 - 140 ppm Ca2+ 400 ppm Br- 65 ppm K + 380 ppm
Water as solvent and as ecosystem e Water is a remarkable solvent dissolves and transports a wide range of materials Interacts with soil and particles and gases in the air Water houses ecosystems A large percentage of the biosphere lives in some form of aqueous environment Water quality is often defined in terms of the ability of the aqueous environment to support the normal ange of biological species
Water as solvent and as ecosystem • Water is a remarkable solvent, – dissolves and transports a wide range of materials. – Interacts with soil and particles and gases in the air • Water houses ecosystems. – A large percentage of the biosphere lives in some form of aqueous environment. – Water quality is often defined in terms of the ability of the aqueous environment to support the normal range of biological species
Water molecule and hydrogen bonding Oxvgen … Hvdrogen bonds Hydrogen la H-bonds have a profound effect on the physical properties of water in both its liquid and solid states
Water molecule and hydrogen bonding H-bonds have a profound effect on the physical properties of water in both its liquid and solid states
Boiling point and melting point FREFZING POINIS 34 HaTe Without H-bonds, water would be a gas at the temperature found on earth and our form of life and environment would not be possible
Boiling point and melting point Without H-bonds, water would be a gas at the temperature found on earth, and our form of life and environment would not be possible
