WASHINGTON STATE E PART MENT 0F ECOLOGY Criteria for Sewage Works design Water Quality Program Publication No. 98-37 WO State of Washington Department of Ecolog Olympia, Washington 98504
Criteria for Sewage Works Design Water Quality Program December 1998 Publication No. 98-37 WQ State of Washington Department of Ecology Olympia, Washington 98504
December 1998 Criteria ewage Works Design Contact Information Publication History To order printed copies of this manual, contact Originally published 1978(Pub. No. 78-5) Revised october 1985 Department of Ecology Publications distribution Reprinted 1992 P O. Box 47600 Revised December 1998 Olympia, WA98504-7600 Telephone(360)407-7472 (Refer to Publication No. 98-37 wQ) For specific information about this manual, or t check for the latest revisions download an electronic copy. request a copy on cd. or comment on its contents click on the Department of Ecology's Water Quality Program Criteria for Sewage Works Design(Orange Book)internetsite(www.wagov/ecologv/wg/orange) For special accommodation needs, or to receive this document in an alternative format. call (360)407-6400 (360)407-6006(TDD) Dedicated in Fond memory to James d. krull June 3. 1941 to October 15.1997 For Over Two Decades of Service and Friendship to the department of ecology Water Quality Program The Department of Ecology is an equal opportunity agency and does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, disability, age, religion national origin, sex, marital status, disabled veteran ' s status, Vietnam era veteran's status, or sexual orientation
ii December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design Contact Information To order printed copies of this manual, contact: Department of Ecology Publications Distribution P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Telephone (360) 407-7472 (Refer to Publication No. 98-37 WQ) For specific information about this manual, or to • check for the latest revisions, • download an electronic copy, • request a copy on CD, or • comment on its contents, click on the Department of Ecology’s Water Quality Program Criteria for Sewage Works Design (Orange Book) internet site (www.wa.gov/ecology/wq/orange). For special accommodation needs, or to receive this document in an alternative format, call: (360) 407-6400 (360) 407-6006 (TDD) Publication History Originally published 1978 (Pub. No. 78-5) Revised October 1985 Reprinted 1992 Revised December 1998 Dedicated in Fond Memory to James D. Krull June 3, 1941 to October 15, 1997 For Over Two Decades of Service and Friendship to the Department of Ecology Water Quality Program The Department of Ecology is an equal opportunity agency and does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, disability, age, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, disabled veteran’s status, Vietnam era veteran’s status, or sexual orientation
Contents Contact Information Treatment Publication History Chapter TI Contents and Other Liquid Hauled Wastes Purpose of Manual Chapter T2 Acknowledgements Primary Treatment How to Use This manual Chapter t3 Biological Treatment Abbreviations and Acronyms Chemical/Physical Treatment Chapter t General Disinfection General engineering Effluent Chapter el Chapter g2 Water Reclamation and Reuse General Considerations hapter G3 Effluent Disposal to Surface Special Considerations for Small Water Community Systems Chapter e3 Colection Effluent Disposal to Ground Wat Solids Chapter c2 Residual solids management Sewage Pump Stations Chapter C3 so Combined Sewer Overflow
December 1998 iii Contents Contact Information ............................................ii Publication History .............................................ii Contents............................................................. iii Purpose of Manual .............................................iv Acknowledgements............................................iv How to Use This Manual ................................ viii Figures................................................................ix Tables ..................................................................x Abbreviations and Acronyms.............................xi General Chapter G1 General Engineering Requirements Chapter G2 General Considerations Chapter G3 Special Considerations for Small Community Systems Collection SEWER Chapter C1 Sewers Chapter C2 Sewage Pump Stations CSO Chapter C3 Combined Sewer Overflows Treatment Chapter T1 Preliminary Treatment/ Septage and Other Liquid Hauled Wastes Chapter T2 Primary Treatment Chapter T3 Biological Treatment Chapter T4 Chemical/Physical Treatment Chapter T5 Disinfection Effluent Chapter E1 Water Reclamation and Reuse Chapter E2 Effluent Disposal to Surface Water Chapter E3 Effluent Disposal to Ground Water Solids Chapter S Residual Solids Management
December 1998 Criteria ewage Works Design Purpose of Manual Acknowledgements This manual. often referred to as the "Orange This manual was developed for the Washington Book, serves as a guide for the design of State Department of Ecology with the generous sewage collection, treatment, and reclamation assistance of many government agencies, sewer systems. The goals of the manual are and water districts, consulting engineering firms, and wastewater treatment professionals To ensure that the design of sewage collection and treatment systems is Editorial Coordination board members consistent with public health and water quality objectives of the State of Louthain, Jerry(Project Manager) Washington 2. To establish a basis for the design and Cole. Mark review of plans and specifications for Foulk. Jamie sewage treatment works and sewerage Lowe. Susan systems Meriwether Cam 3. To establish the minimum requirements and Olson, Karen limiting factors utilized by the Washington Perry, Don State Department of Ecology and the Washington State Department of Health for Vivolo, Tony review of sewage treatment works and sewerage system plans and specifications Chapter coordinators, leaders, and 4. To assist the owner or their authorized contributing authors engineer in the preparation of plans, specifications, reports, and other data Chapter gl, General Engineering Requirements in, Jerry( Coordinator) 5. To guide departments in their determination Parry, Dave(Leader) of whether an approval, permit, and/or a Anderson Darrel certificate for a sewage treatment works or a sewerage system should be issued Messman Stew Moore. Bill Raysby. Lisa Strehler. Jennifer Vaughn, Johi Nitz, Bill( Coordinator) Bolinger, Al B Roger Faccone. Jim Finger. Dick Houck. Doug Kerker, Gary Morrice. rob Serres. bill
iv December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design Purpose of Manual This manual, often referred to as the “Orange Book,” serves as a guide for the design of sewage collection, treatment, and reclamation systems. The goals of the manual are: 1. To ensure that the design of sewage collection and treatment systems is consistent with public health and water quality objectives of the State of Washington. 2. To establish a basis for the design and review of plans and specifications for sewage treatment works and sewerage systems. 3. To establish the minimum requirements and limiting factors utilized by the Washington State Department of Ecology and the Washington State Department of Health for review of sewage treatment works and sewerage system plans and specifications. 4. To assist the owner or their authorized engineer in the preparation of plans, specifications, reports, and other data. 5. To guide departments in their determination of whether an approval, permit, and/or a certificate for a sewage treatment works or a sewerage system should be issued. Acknowledgements This manual was developed for the Washington State Department of Ecology with the generous assistance of many government agencies, sewer and water districts, consulting engineering firms, and wastewater treatment professionals. Editorial/Coordination Board members Louthain, Jerry (Project Manager) Berschauer, Doug Cole, Mark Foulk, Jamie Lowe, Susan Meriwether, Cam Nitz, Bill Olson, Karen Perry, Don Skillings, Tom Vivolo, Tony Chapter coordinators, leaders, and contributing authors Chapter G1, General Engineering Requirements Louthain, Jerry (Coordinator) Parry, Dave (Leader) Anderson, Darrel Cole, Mark Messman, Stew Moore, Bill Raysby, Lisa Strehler, Jennifer Vaughn, John Chapter G2, General Considerations Nitz, Bill (Coordinator) Bolinger, Al Bower, Bob Browne, Roger Faccone, Jim Finger, Dick Houck, Doug Kerker, Gary Morrice, Rob Serres, Bill
Chapter G3. Special Considerations for Small Chapter C3 Combined Sewer Overflows Community Systems Nitz, Bill(Coordinator) Meriwether, Cam(Co ordinator Fricke, Laura(Leader) Milton, Jim ( Leader) Labib, Foroozan ( Leader) Alexander. Ken Browne. roger Arts Chris Houck. doug Bergstrom, Eric Berschauer, Doug Jackson. Diana Johnstone. Charles Merrill. steve Nichols. Don Pecha, Dan Nunnallee. David Scott, Barry leger,Larry Threlkeld. Vern Riley, Dick Wharton, La Sherwood. Kim Skillings, tom Tom, Andy Chapter T1, Preliminary Treatment/Septage and Other Liquid Hauled Wast Chapter t2. Pi Chapter Cl、 Sewers Louthain, Jerry( Coordinator) Chapter C2, Sewage Pump Stations McCoskey, Jim (Leader) Vivolo, Tony(Coordinator) Wilson, John(Leader) Thetford, Tom Leader) Ziebart, Ken(Leader) Bickel. Scott Baird. Carl Brown, Lisa Browne. Roger Hufford. Dave Cardwell. Bruce Labib. Foroozan Carlsen, Jim Chambers Craig erchant. John Davison, Eric Brian Eliasson, John Gagnon, Richard Hammond. bob Chapter T3 Biological Treatment Holland. Jon Perry, Don(Coordinator) Bolinger, Al (Leader) Knott. graham Burke. Pat Koch. John Endersby, Jeff Nickel, Ray Guttormsen. Chris Ollivant, Mike Hartz. Ken Ordonez, robin Howard. Jeff Postma. loren Icna Rawls. Bruce Merrill. Steve Slifer. scott Stiltz. mark Samstag. Randal Sylvester, Bob Van Aa, Bud Vigilia, Rudy
December 1998 v Chapter G3, Special Considerations for Small Community Systems Meriwether, Cam (Coordinator) Milton, Jim (Leader) Alexander, Ken Arts, Chris Bergstrom, Eric Berschauer, Doug Johnstone, Charles Nichols, Don Nunnallee, David Riegert, Larry Riley, Dick Sherwood, Kim Skillings, Tom Tom, Andy Chapter C1, Sewers Chapter C2, Sewage Pump Stations Vivolo, Tony (Coordinator) Thetford, Tom (Leader) Bickel, Scott Brown, Lisa Browne, Roger Cardwell, Bruce Carlsen, Jim Chambers, Craig Davison, Eric Eliasson, John Gagnon, Richard Hammond, Bob Holland, Jon Houck, Doug Knott, Graham Koch, John Nickel, Ray Ollivant, Mike Ordonez, Robin Postma, Loren Rawls, Bruce Slifer, Scott Stiltz, Mark Sylvester, Bob VanDerAa, Bud Vigilia, Rudy Chapter C3, Combined Sewer Overflows Nitz, Bill (Coordinator) Fricke, Laura (Leader) Labib, Foroozan (Leader) Browne, Roger Houck, Doug Huber, Karen Jackson, Diana Merrill, Steve Pecha, Dan Scott, Barry Threlkeld, Vern Wharton, Laura Chapter T1, Preliminary Treatment/Septage and Other Liquid Hauled Wastes Chapter T2, Primary Treatment Louthain, Jerry (Coordinator) McCoskey, Jim (Leader) Wilson, John (Leader) Ziebart, Ken (Leader) Baird, Carl Fernandes, Joe Hufford, Dave Labib, Foroozan Long, Tom Merchant, John Topolski, Brian Chapter T3, Biological Treatment Perry, Don (Coordinator) Bolinger, Al (Leader) Burke, Pat Endersby, Jeff Guttormsen, Chris Hartz, Ken Howard, Jeff Koch, Richard Merrill, Steve Parry, Dave Samstag, Randal
December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design Chapter T4, Chemical/Physical Treatment Walther, Marty Louthain, Jerry( Coordinator) Wilbur. Sha Hufford, Dave(Leader) Voigt, Dave( Leader) Chapter E2. Effluent Disposal to Surface Water Bolinger, Al Meriwether, Cam( Coordinator) Burwell. Bill Glenn, Norm ( Leader) Butler. rick Byde, Doug Cupps, Kathy Fox. Bill Gilbert. steve Graham, Gary Labib. Foroozan McBride. David Thayer, Dale Chapter E3. Effluent Disposal to Ground Water Meriwether, Cam( Coordinator) Chapter T5 Disinfection Kimsey, Melanie(Leader) Vivolo, Tony( Coordinator) Garland. Dave Persich, Bill (Leader) Peterson, Wayne Chambers. Craig Raforth bob Coleman. Tom Griffith. Art Chapter S Residual Solids Management Hammond bob Houck, Doug Perry, Don(Coordinator) Koch. John Labib, Foroozan ( Leader) Pecha. Dan Bateman, Larry Swaim. Paul Bullard, Daryl Sylvester, Bob Dorsey, Kyle Vigilia, Rudy Finger. Dick Johnstone. Charles Thayer. Dale Chapter El, water Reclamation and reuse Wolstenholme, Philip Skillings, Tom( Coordinator) Pieritz, Glenn (Leader) Brodin Pat Crummey, Doug Delzell. Debra Edwards. George Fi Dick Fox, Te Koch. Richard Larson milt Lenius Diane Metzger, Roy Persich. Bill Poppe, John Riley. cl Schlender, George Shields. Jon Sylvester, Bob
vi December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design Chapter T4, Chemical/Physical Treatment Louthain, Jerry (Coordinator) Hufford, Dave (Leader) Voigt, Dave (Leader) Bolinger, Al Burwell, Bill Butler, Rick Byde, Doug Ezzy, Jeff Gilbert, Steve Labib, Foroozan Reilly Jr., Bill Thayer, Dale Chapter T5, Disinfection Vivolo, Tony (Coordinator) Persich, Bill (Leader) Chambers, Craig Coleman, Tom Griffith, Art Hammond, Bob Houck, Doug Koch, John Pecha, Dan Swaim, Paul Sylvester, Bob Vigilia, Rudy Chapter E1, Water Reclamation and Reuse Skillings, Tom (Coordinator) Lundt, Mary (Leader) Pieritz, Glenn (Leader) Brodin, Pat Crummey, Doug Delzell, Debra Edwards, George Finger, Dick Fox, Tom Koch, Richard Larson, Milt Lenius, Diane Metzger, Roy Persich, Bill Poppe, John Riley, Craig Schlender, George Shields, Jon Sylvester, Bob Walther, Marty Wilbur, Shannon Chapter E2, Effluent Disposal to Surface Water Meriwether, Cam (Coordinator) Glenn, Norm (Leader) Cupps, Kathy Fox, Bill Graham, Gary McBride, David Chapter E3, Effluent Disposal to Ground Water Meriwether, Cam (Coordinator) Kimsey, Melanie (Leader) Garland, Dave Peterson, Wayne Raforth, Bob Chapter S, Residual Solids Management Perry, Don (Coordinator) Labib, Foroozan (Leader) Bateman, Larry Bullard, Daryl Dorsey, Kyle Finger, Dick Johnstone, Charles Thayer, Dale Wolstenholme, Philip
Peer review contributors City of Port Townsend City of Ta Albertson. Orris City of Vancouver Baird. Carl City of Yakima Barwin, Bob Cosmopolitan Engineering CTE EI Breithaupt, Steve Department of Ecology Brown, Russ tment of Health Chung. S.K. Duke Engineering Services, Inc Cook. Kirk Earth Tech Earle. George Enviro Enterprises, Inc Fox, Tom Environment One Corporation Gleason. dennis Harlan. Sue Hammond Collier Wade-Livingston Associates Hicks. Mark HDR Engineering, Inc Hines. michael Island County Kmet, Nancy KCM International Larson briar Kennedy/Jenks Consultants Lin, Li-Yin King County Wastewater Treatment Division Kitsap County Messman Stew Lakehaven Utility District Meyer, Chuck Montgomery Watson Moore. Bill Northshore Utility distr Olivers Clair Oregon DEQ Parametrix, Inc Reid, Terry Phillips driscopipe Shakhnovich. boris Pierce County Sl Reid Middleton yth, John Skillings Connolly, Inc Southeast Environmental Engineering. L L C Tom, Andy okane County Vivolo. tony Techtrade International Inc Weaver. Brian Treatment Equipment Company Weber. Jim URS Consultants. Inc. Whitby, Elliott Westin Engineering, In Wm H. Reilly Co Firms and organizations that provided support for this effort Publishing Aqua-Aerobics Systems, Inc Ecology extends appreciation to Technical RWBeck Publications, King County Department of Berryman Henigar Natural Resources Wastewater Treatment Brown caldwell Division, for publishing this manual CH2M Hill. Inc City of Bellevue Foulk, Jamie(Project Lead) City of bellingham Lowe, Susan(Editor) City of Everett Olson, Karen(Illustrator) City of Kennewick City of marysville City of Moses Lake
December 1998 vii Peer review contributors Albertson, Orris Baird, Carl Barwin, Bob Berschauer, Doug Breithaupt, Steve Brown, Russ Chung, S.K. Cook, Kirk Custin, Alex Earle, George Fox, Tom Gleason, Dennis Harlan, Sue Hicks, Mark Hines, Michael Kmet, Nancy Larson, Brian Lin, Li-Yin Mann, David Messman, Stew Meyer, Chuck Moore, Bill Olivers, Clair Perry, Don Reid, Terry Shakhnovich, Boris Skaggs, Don Smyth, John Thompson, Randy Tom, Andy Vivolo, Tony Weaver, Brian Weber, Jim Whitby, Elliott Firms and organizations that provided support for this effort Aqua-Aerobics Systems, Inc. R W Beck Berryman & Henigar Brown & Caldwell CH2M Hill, Inc. City of Bellevue City of Bellingham City of Everett City of Kennewick City of Marysville City of Moses Lake City of Port Townsend City of Tacoma City of Vancouver City of Yakima Cosmopolitan Engineering CTE Engineers Department of Ecology Department of Health Duke Engineering & Services, Inc. Earth Tech ENSR Enviro Enterprises, Inc. Environment One Corporation Gray & Osborne, Inc. Hammond Collier Wade-Livingston Associates HDR Engineering, Inc. Island County KCM International Kennedy/Jenks Consultants King County Wastewater Treatment Division Kitsap County Lakehaven Utility District Montgomery Watson Northshore Utility District Oregon DEQ Parametrix, Inc. Phillips Driscopipe Pierce County Reid Middleton Skillings Connolly, Inc. Southeast Environmental Engineering, L.L.C. Spokane County Techtrade International, Inc. Treatment Equipment Company URS Consultants, Inc. Westin Engineering, Inc. Wm. H. Reilly & Co. Publishing Ecology extends appreciation to Technical Publications, King County Department of Natural Resources Wastewater Treatment Division, for publishing this manual. Foulk, Jamie (Project Lead) Lowe, Susan (Editor) Olson, Karen (Illustrator)
December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design How to Use This Manual This manual is intended for use as general design criteria for domestic sewage collection and treatment systems. Criteria contained in this anual will be used by tment of Ecology, Water Quality Program, in the review of documents submitted pursuant to Chapter 173-240WAC Additional design details are contained in the documents referenced in this manual Disclaimer/Limits of Responsibility This manual is not intended to cover every possible situation. It is aimed primarily at a sewage works treating domestic sewage of normal influent strength Definition of Terms this manual are considered synonymous with The terms“ sewage and“ sewerage” as used municipal wastewater"and" domestic wastewater Unless otherwise specified, terms used in this manual are defined in accordance with the latest definitions issued by the Water Environment Federation (WEF). The following reference should be consulted for specific definitions of Glossary-Water and Wastewater Control Engineering. Published by the American Public Health Association(APHA) American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), American Water Works Association(AWWA), and the Water Pollution Control Federation(now WEF) Third Edition, 1981
viii December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design How to Use This Manual This manual is intended for use as general design criteria for domestic sewage collection and treatment systems. Criteria contained in this manual will be used by the Department of Ecology, Water Quality Program, in the review of documents submitted pursuant to Chapter 173-240 WAC. Additional design details are contained in the documents referenced in this manual. Disclaimer/Limits of Responsibility This manual is not intended to cover every possible situation. It is aimed primarily at a sewage works treating domestic sewage of normal influent strength. Definition of Terms The terms “sewage” and “sewerage” as used in this manual are considered synonymous with “municipal wastewater” and “domestic wastewater.” Unless otherwise specified, terms used in this manual are defined in accordance with the latest definitions issued by the Water Environment Federation (WEF). The following reference should be consulted for specific definitions of terms. • Glossary−Water and Wastewater Control Engineering. Published by the American Public Health Association (APHA), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and the Water Pollution Control Federation (now WEF). Third Edition, 1981
gures GI-1. Sequence of Planning, Design, and Construction Gl-11 G1-2. Example of a Process Flow Diagram…….G1-29 1-1. Ratio of Peak Hourly Flow to Design Average Flow C1-7 C1-2 Required Separation Between Water Lines and Sanitary Sewers, Parallel Construction C1-3 Required Separation Between Water Lines and Sanitary Sewers, Unusual Conditions parallel Construction C1-21 C3-1 Rectangular Storage Tank Configuration. C3-17 C3-2. Schematic of the Swirl Concentrator... C3-19 T2-1. Typical Circular Primary Settling Tank..T2-3 T2-2. Typical Rectangular Primary Settling T2-4 T3-1. Hydraulic Profile for a Major Mechanical Treatment Plant T3-6 T5-1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum T5-5 T5-2. Relative Intensity of the Wavelengths Produced by the Low-Pressure Mercury T5-15 T5-3. Relative Intensity of the Wavelengths Produced by the Medium-Pressure Mercury Lamp T5-15 El-1 Backflow Prevention, Example One...El-22 E1-2. Backflow Prevention, Example Two...E1-23
December 1998 ix Figures G1-1. Sequence of Planning, Design, and Construction ............................................. G1-11 G1-2. Example of a Process Flow Diagram ...... G1-29 C1-1. Ratio of Peak Hourly Flow to Design Average Flow..............................................C1-7 C1-2. Required Separation Between Water Lines and Sanitary Sewers, Parallel Construction ..............................................C1-21 C1-3. Required Separation Between Water Lines and Sanitary Sewers, Unusual Conditions Parallel Construction...............C1-21 C3-1. Rectangular Storage Tank Configuration .C3-17 C3-2. Schematic of the Swirl Concentrator........C3-19 T2-1. Typical Circular Primary Settling Tank......T2-3 T2-2. Typical Rectangular Primary Settling Tank ............................................................T2-4 T3-1. Hydraulic Profile for a Major Mechanical Treatment Plant ...........................................T3-6 T5-1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum ..................T5-5 T5-2. Relative Intensity of the Wavelengths Produced by the Low-Pressure Mercury Lamp .........................................................T5-15 T5-3. Relative Intensity of the Wavelengths Produced by the Medium-Pressure Mercury Lamp...........................................T5-15 E1-1. Backflow Prevention, Example One.........E1-22 E1-2. Backflow Prevention, Example Two........E1-23
December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design Tables GI-1. Requirements for Engineering Report and El-4 Reliability and Redundancy Requirements Facility Plan Gl-18 of Articles 10 and 11 of the Water G1-2. Explanation of Engineering Report Reclamation and Reuse Standards E1-14 Requirements G1-2 E1-5 Cross-Connections Associated with G2-1 Design Basis for New Sewage Works..G2-6 Wastewater G2-2. Impact of Wastewater Characteristics on El-6. Relative Level of Protection by Backflow HS Formation G2-20 E1-20 G2-3. Foul Air Ventilation Requirements.... G2-28 El-7. Backflow Prevention for Reclaimed G2-4. Biofilter Design Criteria G229 Wa E1-24 G2-5. Carbon Adsorber Vessel Design Criteria G2-32 El-8 Characteristics of the Four Classes of G2-6. Guidelines for Classifying Sewerage Reclaimed Water E1-26 E1-9 ulant Dosing Rate.El-27 G2-7. General Requirements for Each El-10. Representative Filter Hydraulic Loading Reliability Classification G2-65 Rates E1-28 G2-8. Minimum Capacity of the Backup Power El-11. Disinfection Regulatory Requirements Source for Each Reliability Classification G2-66 Reclaimed Water E1-30 1-1. Minimum Slope of Sewers, by Size E1-12. Identification Standards for Reclaimed (Assuming Full Flow) C1-9 E1-32 C1-2. Factors to Consider When Planning a Tv E2-2r pes of Outfalls and Their Uses E2-8 C1-14 E2-2. Types of Seasonal Discharges 1-3. Rehabilitation/Replacement Techniques E2-3. Required Oceanographic Data for Siting for Sewer Mains C1-18 nd Designing Marine and Ocean Outfalls E2-15 C1-4. Water Main Standard Pipe Material... C1-2 S-1. Rough Design Guidelines to Determine C3-1. Comparison of EPA and Ecology CsO Solids Mass loading Requirements C3-4 S-2. Typical Dissolved Air Floatation Sol C3-2. Issues to Consider When Developing CSO Loading rates for Thickened Solids of Control alternatives C3-11 4 Percent or Higher C3-3 Issues Affecting Evaluation of Final CSO S-3. Drying Bed Design Criteria S-20 Control alternatives C3-13 S-4. Summary of Wastewater Sludge Digestion 1-1. Requirements for Aerated Grit Removal ystems Design Criteria Chambers and Typical Results T1-8 T2-1. Special Treatment Functions Provided by Primary Settling Tanks T2-2 T2-2. Surface Overflow Rates for Primary Clarifiers T2-5 T3-1 Sample Requirements for Biological Systems...T3-9 T3-2. Typical Process Design Values for Sedimentation overflow rate T3-14 T5-1. Classification of Water Hardness T5-11 T5-2. Chlorine Dosing Capacity Guidelines...T5-29 T5-3. Mixing Energy Values T5-31 El-1 Treatment and Quality Requirements for Reclaimed Water Use E1-8 E1-2. Staged Planning program to determine Feasibility of a Reclaimed Water System. E1-10 El-3. Laws and Regulations That Apply to Reclaimed Water Projects
x December 1998 Criteria for Sewage Works Design Tables G1-1. Requirements for Engineering Report and Facility Plan ............................................. G1-18 G1-2. Explanation of Engineering Report Requirements............................................ G1-20 G2-1. Design Basis for New Sewage Works....... G2-6 G2-2. Impact of Wastewater Characteristics on H2S Formation.......................................... G2-20 G2-3. Foul Air Ventilation Requirements......... G2-28 G2-4. Biofilter Design Criteria.......................... G2-29 G2-5. Carbon Adsorber Vessel Design Criteria G2-32 G2-6. Guidelines for Classifying Sewerage Works....................................................... G2-64 G2-7. General Requirements for Each Reliability Classification .......................... G2-65 G2-8. Minimum Capacity of the Backup Power Source for Each Reliability Classification G2-66 C1-1. Minimum Slope of Sewers, by Size (Assuming Full Flow) .................................C1-9 C1-2. Factors to Consider When Planning a TV Inspection Project......................................C1-14 C1-3. Rehabilitation/Replacement Techniques for Sewer Mains........................................C1-18 C1-4. Water Main Standard Pipe Material.........C1-22 C3-1. Comparison of EPA and Ecology CSO Requirements...............................................C3-4 C3-2. Issues to Consider When Developing CSO Control Alternatives..................................C3-11 C3-3. Issues Affecting Evaluation of Final CSO Control Alternatives..................................C3-13 T1-1. Requirements for Aerated Grit Removal Chambers and Typical Results....................T1-8 T2-1. Special Treatment Functions Provided by Primary Settling Tanks................................T2-2 T2-2. Surface Overflow Rates for Primary Clarifiers......................................................T2-5 T3-1. Sample Worksheet Showing Input Data Requirements for Biological Systems .........T3-9 T3-2. Typical Process Design Values for Sedimentation Overflow Rate ...................T3-14 T5-1. Classification of Water Hardness .............T5-11 T5-2. Chlorine Dosing Capacity Guidelines.......T5-29 T5-3. Mixing Energy Values..............................T5-31 E1-1. Treatment and Quality Requirements for Reclaimed Water Use..................................E1-8 E1-2. Staged Planning Program to Determine Feasibility of a Reclaimed Water System..E1-10 E1-3. Laws and Regulations That Apply to Reclaimed Water Projects.........................E1-11 E1-4. Reliability and Redundancy Requirements of Articles 10 and 11 of the Water Reclamation and Reuse Standards.............E1-14 E1-5. Cross-Connections Associated with Wastewater................................................E1-19 E1-6. Relative Level of Protection by Backflow Preventers..................................................E1-20 E1-7. Backflow Prevention for Reclaimed Water.........................................................E1-24 E1-8. Characteristics of the Four Classes of Reclaimed Water.......................................E1-26 E1-9. Representative Coagulant Dosing Rate.....E1-27 E1-10. Representative Filter Hydraulic Loading Rates..........................................................E1-28 E1-11. Disinfection Regulatory Requirements for Reclaimed Water .................................E1-30 E1-12. Identification Standards for Reclaimed Water Systems...........................................E1-32 E2-1. Types of Outfalls and Their Uses...............E2-8 E2-2. Types of Seasonal Discharges..................E2-12 E2-3. Required Oceanographic Data for Siting and Designing Marine and Ocean OutfallsE2-15 S-1. Rough Design Guidelines to Determine Solids Mass Loading .....................................S-6 S-2. Typical Dissolved Air Floatation Solids Loading Rates for Thickened Solids of 4 Percent or Higher .....................................S-12 S-3. Drying Bed Design Criteria ..........................S-20 S-4. Summary of Wastewater Sludge Digestion Systems Design Criteria ..............................S-25