Lecture 3 Communication in History Objectives &o Understand the main changes of communication media in history and the characteristics of each medium o Think about the relationship between the media and the content .o Think about the relationship between the communications technologies and social changes
Lecture 3 Communication in History Objectives: ❖ Understand the main changes of communication media in history and the characteristics of each medium; ❖ Think about the relationship between the media and the content; ❖ Think about the relationship between the communications technologies and social changes
How do we evaluate a medium? o Channel (speed )of transmission Connection with human senses Relationship to time .o Relationship to space o Social and cultural implications of the physical features of the medium
How do we evaluate a medium? ❖ Channel (Speed) of transmission ❖ Connection with human senses ❖ Relationship to time ❖ Relationship to space ❖ Social and cultural implications of the physical features of the medium
Oral Language Sound Oral language 令 Evanescent 令 Mnemonic ☆ Immobile 冷 Simple expression ☆ Cannot be reserved 冷 Rhythmic 冷 Related to hearing ☆ Connected to vision ☆ Centering effect
Oral Language Sound: ❖ Evanescent ❖ Immobile ❖ Cannot be reserved ❖ Related to hearing ❖ Centering effect Oral language: ❖ Mnemonic ❖ Simple expression ❖ Rhythmic ❖ Connected to vision
Oral Culture Spontaneous and outward (emotional o Participatory(communal) o Unifying .o Centralizing
Oral Culture ❖ Spontaneous and outward (emotional) ❖ Participatory (communal) ❖ Unifying ❖ Centralizing
Second orality o Telephone, radio, television, tapes and disks etc 令E| ectric media o Mixed with writing and printing
Second Orality ❖ Telephone, radio, television, tapes and disks, etc. ❖ Electric media ❖ Mixed with writing and printing
Written Language (recorded) history began with writing Comparison with oral language Various media .o Storage and retrieval of information (Reading depending on) Individual social experience and immediate personal context
Written Language ---(recorded) history began with writing Comparison with oral language ❖ Various media ❖ Storage and retrieval of information ❖ (Reading depending on) Individual social experience and immediate personal context
Social and cultural implications of written language s Hearing VS reading(audio vs. visual s Literacy Vs illiteracy . o Power: the control of knowledge(education)
Social and cultural implications of written language ❖ Hearing vs. reading (audio vs. visual) ❖ Literacy vs. illiteracy ❖ Power: the control of knowledge (education)
Printing o Channel(): transportation model of communication 今 Mediun: paper 令 Form hand to machine o Mass)Reproduction: identical ☆ Standardization
Printing ❖ Channel(s): transportation model of communication ❖ Medium: paper ❖ Form hand to machine ❖ (Mass) Reproduction: identical ❖ Standardization
Social consequences of printing printing is second only to the clock in its critical effect upon civilization o a technology that influenced other technologies o a prototype of mass production o a technology that directly affected the world of ideas by making knowledge widely available and creating a space in which new forms of expression could flourish
Social consequences of printing ---printing is second only to the clock in its critical effect upon civilization ❖ A technology that influenced other technologies ❖ A prototype of mass production ❖ A technology that directly affected the world of ideas by making knowledge widely available and creating a space in which new forms of expression could flourish
Telegraph telephone from mechanical to electrical s From transportation to transmission model of communication o Time-space shrinkage: a wired world a global system
Telegraph & telephone ❖ From mechanical to electrical ❖ From transportation to transmission model of communication ❖ Time-space shrinkage: a wired world, a global system
