外贸英语实务 English for Foreign Trade Practice
外贸英语实务 English for Foreign Trade Practice
Unit 1 Introduction to International Trade .1.International trade\World Trade\Foreign Trade\Overseas Trade 1)The exchange of goods and services between nations 2)International trade has to be done under the policies from different nations either encouraging or discouraging. 3)Foreign currency transactions is necessary and the right choice of foreign exchange will be vital. .4)Trade balance-trade surplus\trade deficit Vexp.-Vimp.=Balance of trade
Unit 1 Introduction to International Trade • 1.International trade\World Trade\Foreign Trade\Overseas Trade • 1）The exchange of goods and services between nations • 2）International trade has to be done under the policies from different nations either encouraging or discouraging. • 3）Foreign currency transactions is necessary and the right choice of foreign exchange will be vital. • 4）Trade balance-trade surplus\trade deficit • Vexp.-Vimp.=Balance of trade
.2.Reasons for International Trade 1)Uneven distribution of natural resources 2)Principle of comparative advantage ·3)Patterns of demand ·4)Economies of scale 5)Innovation or variety of style
•2.Reasons for International Trade • 1)Uneven distribution of natural resources • 2)Principle of comparative advantage • 3)Patterns of demand • 4)Economies of scale • 5)Innovation or variety of style
3.Benefits in International Trade 1)Various goods and services for consumers 2)Wider markets for traders,especially for suppliers 3)Economic growth for countries or the whole world
3.Benefits in International Trade • 1)Various goods and services for consumers • 2)Wider markets for traders, especially for suppliers • 3)Economic growth for countries or the whole world
4.Special Problems in International Trade ·1)across borders 2)more difficult to get information 3)foreign currency transaction-the right choice,the exchange rate 4)culture differences ·5)higher risk level 6)trends and activities
4.Special Problems in International Trade • 1) across borders • 2) more difficult to get information • 3) foreign currency transaction -the right choice, the exchange rate • 4) culture differences • 5) higher risk level • 6) trends and activities
5.Concepts in International Trade 1)Visible and invisible trade The exchange of goods-visible The exchange of services-invisible 2)Balance of trade-trade surplus trade deficit Vexp.-Vimp.=Balance of trade
5. Concepts in International Trade • 1) Visible and invisible trade • The exchange of goods-visible • The exchange of services-invisible • 2) Balance of trade-trade surplus\trade deficit • Vexp.-Vimp.=Balance of trade
5.Concepts in International Trade 3)Trade barriers-tariff barriers non-tariff barriers Tariffs-import duty export duty-revenue tariff protection tariff 4 types of duties according to the collecting methods: Specific duty(mostly revenue tariff) Ad valorem duty(mostly revenue tariff) Mixed or Compound duty(mostly protection tariff) Alternative duty(mostly revenue tariff)
5. Concepts in International Trade • 3) Trade barriers-tariff barriers & non-tariff barriers • Tariffs-import duty & export duty-revenue tariff\protection tariff • 4 types of duties according to the collecting methods: • Specific duty (mostly revenue tariff) • Ad valorem duty (mostly revenue tariff) • Mixed or Compound duty (mostly protection tariff) • Alternative duty (mostly revenue tariff)
3)Trade barriers-tariff barriers non-tariff barriers 。Non-tariff barriers A.licenses-import license export license B.Quotas-limitations on quantity or value C.Foreign exchange control .D.other means-technical barriers\state monopoly government procurement
3) Trade barriers-tariff barriers & non-tariff barriers •Non-tariff barriers • A. licenses-import license & export license • B. Quotas-limitations on quantity or value • C. Foreign exchange control • D. other means - technical barriers\state monopoly\government procurement
Key to EX.VIl 7.Various trade restrictions mainly come from government intervention. 8.In recent years,China's economy has been growing rapidly and its trade structure has also been changed greatly. 9.Currently,the biggest difficulty in international trade is non-tariff barriers,such as import quotas and export controls. 10.Most trade agreements are multi-lateral,not bilateral
Key to EX.VII • 7.Various trade restrictions mainly come from government intervention. • 8.In recent years, China’s economy has been growing rapidly and its trade structure has also been changed greatly. • 9. Currently, the biggest difficulty in international trade is non-tariff barriers, such as import quotas and export controls. • 10. Most trade agreements are multi-lateral, not bilateral