Unit 3 Circuit Analysis Using the Ideal Operational Amplifier ear Background n Words and expressions ÷ Text and notes L: Grammar Exercises Reading material 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Unit 3 Circuit Analysis Using the Ideal Operational Amplifier Background Words and expressions Text and notes Grammar Exercises Reading material
Background a An amplifier, electronic amplifier or(informally) amp is an electronic device that increases the power of a signal a It does this by taking energy from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude. In this sense, an amplifier modulates the output of the power supply to make the output signal stronger than the input signal. An amplifier is effectively the opposite of an attenuator: while an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Background ◼ An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that increases the power of a signal. ◼ It does this by taking energy from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude. In this sense, an amplifier modulates the output of the power supply to make the output signal stronger than the input signal. An amplifier is effectively the opposite of an attenuator: while an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss
Background a The types of amplifiers can be categorized in different ways. One is by the frequency of the electronic signal being amplified; audio amplifiers amplify signals in the audio(sound)range of less than 20 kHz, RF amplifiers amplify frequencies in the radio frequency range between 20 khz and 300 GHz. another is which quantity, voltage or current is being amplified; amplifiers can be divided into voltage amplifiers, current amplifiers transconductance (i=)amplifiers, and transresistance amplifiers. a further distinction is whether the output is a linear or nonlinear representation of the input. Amplifiers can also be categorized by their physical placement in the signal chain(信号通路,信号链) 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Background ◼ The types of amplifiers can be categorized in different ways. One is by the frequency of the electronic signal being amplified; audio amplifiers amplify signals in the audio (sound) range of less than 20 kHz, RF amplifiers amplify frequencies in the radio frequency range between 20 kHz and 300 GHz. Another is which quantity, voltage or current is being amplified; amplifiers can be divided into voltage amplifiers, current amplifiers, transconductance(跨导) amplifiers, and transresistance amplifiers. A further distinction is whether the output is a linear or nonlinear representation of the input. Amplifiers can also be categorized by their physical placement in the signal chain（信号通路，信号链）
741 a The first practical electronic device which could amplify was the audion( ( triode,三极管) vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest, which led to the first amplifiers. The terms"amplifier"and " amplification"(from the Latin amplificare, to enlarge or expand)were first used for this new capability around 1915 when triodes became widespread. 2 For the next 50 years vacuum tubes were the only devices which could amplify, and were used in all amplifiers until the 1960s wher transistors began to be used. Most amplifiers today use transistors although tubes are still used 上海海事大学息工程学院
◼ The first practical electronic device which could amplify was the Audion (triode，三极管) vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest, which led to the first amplifiers. The terms "amplifier" and "amplification" (from the Latin amplificare, 'to enlarge or expand') were first used for this new capability around 1915 when triodes became widespread.[2] For the next 50 years vacuum tubes were the only devices which could amplify, and were used in all amplifiers until the 1960s, when transistors began to be used. Most amplifiers today use transistors, although tubes are still used. 上海海事大学信息工程学院
Words and expressions FH-eg Buffer n.缓冲器 By-product n.副产品,出乎意料的结果 a Circuitry n.电路,线路 ■ Formula n.公式,规则 ■Fu|crum n.杠杆的支点 Ground V.使接地;n.接地,地线 Impedance n.阻抗 ■| infinitesimal adv.无穷小,极小,无限小 ■| nherent adj.固有的,内在的,与生俱来的 ■| intuitive adj.直觉的 ■| nvestigate V.调查,研究 Latch 闭锁(n.锁存器) Lever n.杆,杠杆 Mythica adj.神话的,虚构的 ■ Offset n.偏移量,抵消 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Words and expressions ◼ Buffer n. 缓冲器 ◼ By-product n. 副产品，出乎意料的结果 ◼ Circuitry n. 电路，线路 ◼ Formula n. 公式，规则 ◼ Fulcrum n. 杠杆的支点 ◼ Ground v. 使接地；n. 接地，地线 ◼ Impedance n. 阻抗 ◼ Infinitesimal adv. 无穷小，极小，无限小 ◼ Inherent adj. 固有的，内在的，与生俱来的 ◼ Intuitive adj. 直觉的 ◼ Investigate v. 调查，研究 ◼ Latch v. 闭锁 (n. 锁存器) ◼ Lever n. 杆，杠杆 ◼ Mythical adj. 神话的，虚构的 ◼ Offset n. 偏移量，抵消
Words and expressions FH-eg Polarity n.极性 ■ Potentia n.电势,电位 ■ Restraint n.约束(条件) ■Rote n.死记硬背,机械的做法,生搬硬套 ■ Saturation n.饱和(状态),饱和度 Stability n.稳定性 Unity ,统一,一致 ■ Variation n.变更,变化,变异,变种 ■ Closed loop gain 闭环增益 Differential input amplifier差分放大器 ■ nverting input 反相输入端 deal operation amplifier理想运放( abbr ideal op amp) Phase shift 相移 ■ Voltage follower 射极跟随器 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Words and expressions ◼ Polarity n. 极性 ◼ Potential n. 电势，电位 ◼ Restraint n. 约束(条件) ◼ Rote n. 死记硬背，机械的做法，生搬硬套 ◼ Saturation n. 饱和(状态)，饱和度 ◼ Stability n. 稳定性 ◼ Unity n. 一，统一，一致 ◼ Variation n. 变更，变化，变异，变种 ◼ Closed loop gain 闭环增益 ◼ Differential input amplifier 差分放大器 ◼ Inverting input 反相输入端 ◼ Ideal operation amplifier 理想运放(abbr. ideal op amp) ◼ Phase shift 相移 ◼ Voltage follower 射极跟随器
Electronic circuit 电阻 resistance 电阻器 resistor 电容 capacitance 电容器 capacitor 电感 inductance 电感器 inductor 阻抗 impedance 导纳 conductance ■二极管 diode 极管 transistor ■模拟电路 analog circuits 数字电路 digital circuits 模数转换器 ADCs analog- to-digital converters 交流 alternating current ■直流 direct current 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Electronic circuit ◼ 电阻 resistance ◼ 电阻器 resistor ◼ 电容 capacitance ◼ 电容器 capacitor ◼ 电感 inductance ◼ 电感器 inductor ◼ 阻抗 impedance ◼ 导纳 conductance ◼ 二极管 diode ◼ 三极管 transistor ◼ 模拟电路 analog circuits ◼ 数字电路 digital circuits ◼ 模数转换器 ADCs analog-to-digital converters ◼ 交流 alternating current ◼ 直流 direct current
Evolution of op amps Op amp symbol Tube op amp IC op amp-uA741 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Evolution of op amps Op amp symbol Tube op amp IC op amp - uA741
Text and notes a Frequency response will be flat and bandwidth infinite because AC will be simply a rapidly varying DC level to the ideal amplifier 于理想放大器而言,交流只不过是快速变化的流,所 以复频率响应是一亲水平直线,带无跟 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ Frequency response will be flat and bandwidth infinite because AC will be simply a rapidly varying DC level to the ideal amplifier. ◼ 对于理想放大器而言，交流只不过是快速变化的直流，所 以其频率响应是一条水平直线，带宽无限
Text and notes a An important by-product of these properties of the ideal operational amplifier is that the summing point, the inverting input, will conduct no current to the amplifier 由理想运放的特性可得出一个很重要的结论,即放大器的 反担输λ端无电流流过 上海海事大学息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ An important by-product of these properties of the ideal operational amplifier is that the summing point, the inverting input, will conduct no current to the amplifier. ◼ 由理想运放的特性可得出一个很重要的结论，即放大器的 反相输入端无电流流过