复旦大学：《学术英语（医学）》补充阅读练习_Working Moms：Stressed to Excess.pdf_大学文库

Passage 1 Working moms: Stressed to Excess Working women with children- at least mothers in full-time clerical and customer service jobs- tote a particularly heavy load of mental strain. This strain increases production of a critical stress hormone that may, in turn, promote heart disease, a new study finds All sorts of mothers endure this burden in the workplace, reports a scientific team at the duke University Medical Center in Durham. N C Stress weighs just as heavily on married women who have a decent family income, plenty of contact with friends and family, and only one or two kids as it does on single women who scrape by financially and spend most of their time outside the workplace caring for a handful of youngsters Combination of pervasive pressures at work and at home exacts a unique physiological toll on women raising children, contend Linda J. Luecken and her coworkers in the July-August PS YCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE. Single and married working moms who hold midlevel jobs over which they have little control also perform most child-rearing and household tasks, the researchers note. Moreover working mothers must tackle unexpected family problems, such as a childs illness, on a moment s notice Luecken's team studied 109 women age 21 to 61 who hold clerical and customer service jobs at a large company. The researchers collected urine samples on two consecutive workdays, For the premenopausal women, the samples were taken in the first week of the menstrual cycle Women who had at least one child living at home excreted substantially more of the stress hormone cortisol in their urine than did their counterparts without kids at home regardless of marital status or number of social contacts. Independent studies indicate that ling -term elevations of cortisol contribute to heart disease. the duke scientists Working women with children reported more demands on their time and more mental strain at home but not on the job Other indications of stress, such as depression, anger, and negative feelings about the workplace, that have been linked to physical ailments also occur in both single Even if their husbands perform a fair share of household tasks, working women still take responsibility for seeing that the work gets done, comments psychologist Kathleen C. Light of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine The working woman's sense of vigilance and being on call is virtually constant spouse more often does his assigned chores and then relaxes, Light contends Vocabular

Passage 1 Working Moms: Stressed to Excess Working women with children – at least mothers in full-time clerical and customer service jobs – tote a particularly heavy load of mental strain. This strain increases production of a critical stress hormone that may, in turn, promote heart disease, a new study finds. All sorts of mothers endure this burden in the workplace, reports a scientific team at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham. N.C Stress weighs just as heavily on married women who have a decent family income, plenty of contact with friends and family, and only one or two kids as it does on single women who scrape by financially and spend most of their time outside the workplace caring for a handful of youngsters. Combination of pervasive pressures at work and at home exacts a unique physiological toll on women raising children, contend Linda J. Luecken and her coworkers in the July-August PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE. Single and married working moms who hold midlevel jobs over which they have little control also perform most child-rearing and household tasks, the researchers note. Moreover, working mothers must tackle unexpected family problems, such as a child’s illness, on a moment’s notice. Luecken’s team studied 109 women age 21 to 61 who hold clerical and customer service jobs at a large company. The researchers collected urine samples on two consecutive workdays, For the premenopausal women, the samples were taken in the first week of the menstrual cycle. Women who had at least one child living at home excreted substantially more of the stress hormone cortisol in their urine than did their counterparts without kids at home, regardless of marital status or number of social contacts. Independent studies indicate that ling-term elevations of cortisol contribute to heart disease, the Duke scientists note. Working women with children reported more demands on their time and more mental strain at home, but not on the job. Other indications of stress, such as depression, anger, and negative feelings about the workplace, that have been linked to physical ailments also occur in both single and married working women. Even if their husbands perform a fair share of household tasks, working women still take responsibility for seeing that the work gets done, comments psychologist Kathleen C. Light of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine. “The working woman’s sense of vigilance and being on call is virtually constant, whereas her spouse more often does his assigned chores and then relaxes,” Light contends. Vocabulary

clerical a. 办事员的；办公室工作的 tote vt. 背负 scrape vi. 节省；勉强过日子 pervasive a. 普遍的 toll n. 重大代价；损失 tackle vt. 处理；解决 premenopausal a. 停经前的 menstrual a. 月经的 excrete v. 分泌 vigilance n. 警戒，警惕 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are four suggested answers to each of the following questions. Choose the best one according to the passage you have just read. 1. The passage is mainly about A. family problems among mothers in clerical and customer service jobs. B. stress experienced by working women with children. C. production of critical stress hormone. D. new findings in heart disease. 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Single women suffer greater mental strain than married ones. B. The number of children affect stress endured by their mothers. C. Marriage status does not affect the degree of stress of the mothers. D. Mothers should spend more time outside the workplace caring their children. 3. Luecken’s team would most likely draw which of the following conclusions? A. Women with children to care for tend to suffer greater stress than childless women. B. Married status should not be considered as a factor determining stress of a woman. C. Women should have at least one child to reduce the risk of heart disease. D. Married women tend to suffer greater stress than single women. 4. As far as husbands are concerned, Light suggests A. they are less concerned about household tasks than their spouse. B. they are constantly unaware of their share of household tasks. C. they are less responsible than their spouse. D. they relax more often than their spouse. 5. Which of the following might reduce mental strain endured by the working mothers? A. Greater sense of vigilance of their spouse in tackling family problems. B. Doing less housework and having more relaxation. C. Quitting their job when raising their children. D. Increased production of cortisol

P 2 Depression Puffs up Lung Cancer. Several controversial studies have suggested that people who experience bouts of depression run a greater risk of developing all sorts of cancers, possibly because depression weakens the immune system's ability to control the spread of cancerous dlls Now, a long-term investigation conducted in Finland casts doubt on those sweeping conclusions. Overall, new cases of cancer do not crop up disproportionately among people who have endured moderate to severe depression, investigators report in the Dec. 15 American Journal of Epidemiology. However, lung cancer does develop more frequently in depressed men, the scientists find. The underlying link in some cases may be that the mood disturbance encourages depressed men to smoke more cigarettes rather than that it depresses the immune system or has some other biological effect Paul Knekt, an epidemiologist at the National Public Health Institute in Helsi directed the study of 7,018 men and women. Participants, who entered the project between 1978 and 1980 showing no signs of any cancer, filled out medical and psychiatric questionnaires. In late 1991, the investigators tallied the cases of cancer that had been diagnosed in volunteers Men who initially reported that in the weeks before they enrolled in the study hey had experienced symptoms of depression, such as feelings of hopelessness or loss of interest in daily activities, displayed a markedly higher lung cancer rate 11 to 14 years later than nondepressed men did. This finding held when the researchers controlled statistically for age, weight, cholesterol concentration, amount of exercise, nd use of cis Moreover, lung cancer rates were highest among the severely depressed men who smoked cigarettes, Knekt's group finds Lung cancer afflicted too few women in the study to allow for a comparable statistical analysis, the researchers add Other studies indicate that depressed cigarette smokers tend to smoke heavily and find it especially difficult to kick their habit, remarks epidemiologist Gary D Friedman of Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Oakland, Calif, in an accompanying editorial. Their attachment to cigarette smoking, rather than mood-inspired immune breakdowns, most likely accounts for the link between depression and lung cancer, Friedman argues Vocabulary controversial a.有争议的 bout.发作 cancerous a.癌的 disproportionately ad:不成比例地 epidemiology n.流行病学 antidepressant n.抗抑郁病药

Passage 2 Depression Puffs up Lung Cancer… Several controversial studies have suggested that people who experience bouts of depression run a greater risk of developing all sorts of cancers, possibly because depression weakens the immune system’s ability to control the spread of cancerous cells. Now, a long-term investigation conducted in Finland casts doubt on those sweeping conclusions. Overall, new cases of cancer do not crop up disproportionately among people who have endured moderate to severe depression, investigators report in the Dec. 15 American Journal of Epidemiology. However, lung cancer does develop more frequently in depressed men, the scientists find. The underlying link in some cases may be that the mood disturbance encourages depressed men to smoke more cigarettes rather than that it depresses the immune system or has some other biological effect. Paul Knekt, an epidemiologist at the National Public Health Institute in Helsinki, directed the study of 7,018 men and women. Participants, who entered the project between 1978 and 1980 showing no signs of any cancer, filled out medical and psychiatric questionnaires. In late 1991,the investigators tallied the cases of cancer that had been diagnosed in volunteers. Men who initially reported that in the weeks before they enrolled in the study they had experienced symptoms of depression, such as feelings of hopelessness or loss of interest in daily activities, displayed a markedly higher lung cancer rate 11 to 14 years later than nondepressed men did. This finding held when the researchers controlled statistically for age, weight, cholesterol concentration, amount of exercise, and use of cigarettes,` alcohol, and antidepressant drugs. Moreover, lung cancer rates were highest among the severely depressed men who smoked cigarettes, Knekt’s group finds. Lung cancer afflicted too few women in the study to allow for a comparable statistical analysis, the researchers add. Other studies indicate that depressed cigarette smokers tend to smoke heavily and find it especially difficult to kick their habit, remarks epidemiologist Gary D. Friedman of Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Oakland, Calif, in an accompanying editorial. Their attachment to cigarette smoking, rather than mood-inspired immune breakdowns, most likely accounts for the link between depression and lung cancer, Friedman argues. Vocabulary controversial a. 有争议的 bout n. 发作 cancerous a. 癌的 disproportionately adv. 不成比例地 epidemiology n. 流行病学 antidepressant n. 抗抑郁病药