第3章统计概述 Summary of statistics
第3章 统计概述 Summary of Statistics
本章概要 Statistical Thinking and management .Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics . Types of Data and their Sources .Types of Sampling Methods .Types of Survey Errors
本章概要 •Statistical Thinking and Management •Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics •Types of Data and their Sources •Types of Sampling Methods •Types of Survey Errors
Statistical Thinking and Management 统计思想与管理 Management Philosophy 管理哲学 Statistical methods Behavioral tools 统计方法 行为工具 Three Aspects of Quality Improvement
Statistical Thinking and Management 统计思想与管理 Three Aspects of Quality Improvement Management Philosophy 管理哲学 Behavioral Tools 行为工具 Statistical Methods 统计方法
Statistical methods Descriptive Statistics 统计描述 统计推断 Collecting and describing data. .Inferential statistics Making decisions based on sample data
Statistical Methods •Descriptive Statistics •Inferential Statistics Collecting and describing data. Making decisions based on sample data. 统计描述 统计推断
统计描述 收集资料、整理资料、描述资料 Collect Data e.g. Survey .Present Data e.g. Tables and Graphs e Characterize Data e.g. Mean 2 X A Characteristic of a: (1) Population is a Parameter (2) Sample is a statistic
统计描述 收集资料、整理资料、描述资料 •Collect Data e.g. Survey •Present Data e.g. Tables and Graphs •Characterize Data e.g. Mean n x i A Characteristic of a: (1) Population is a Parameter (2) Sample is a Statistic
统计推断 参数估计、假设检验 ● Estimation 市市曾市曾冲會會市 Hypothesis 會曾會市會中宁中管會市 Testing 曾市市市曾市曾市市 Making decisions concerning a population based on sample results
统计推断 参数估计、假设检验 •Estimation •Hypothesis Testing Making decisions concerning a population based on sample results
Types of Data 分类资料、数字资料(离散、连续) Data Categorical Numerical Discrete Continuous
Types of Data 分类资料、数字资料（离散、连续） Categorical Discrete Continuous Numerical Data
Data sources (观测、调研、实验)(数据编辑、出版及电子介质) Primary Secondary Data Collection Data Compilation Print or electronic Observation Survey Experimentation
Data Sources （观测、调研、实验）（数据编辑、出版及电子介质） Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Compilation Observation Experimentation Survey Print or Electronic
ypes of sampling Methods 抽样方法类型 S amples Proba bility Samples Non-Probability Samples 非概率抽样 概率抽样 Simple Random Stratified Judgement Chunk Cluster Quota Systematic
Quota Types of Sampling Methods 抽样方法类型 Samples Non-Probability Samples 非概率抽样 Judgement Chunk Probability Samples 概率抽样 Simple Random Systematic Stratified Cluster
概率抽样 Subjects of the sample are chosen based on known probabilities. Proba bility samples ple Systematic Cluster Random Stratified
概率抽样 Probability Samples Simple Random Systematic Stratified Cluster Subjects of the sample are chosen based on known probabilities