Chapter 6 British literature Time allocate 4 periods Focal points early British literature concerned with Christianity, haracteristics of the 19th century literature . Introduction A Beowulf B. Chaucer 2) The Renaissance A. Christopher Marlow A. Shakespeare B. Milton C. Banyan D B 3)The Enlightenment Movement A. Swift B. Defoe C. Alexandra Pope D. Henry Fielding E. William Blak F. Sheride G. Robert burns 4)Romanticism A. Thomas gr B. William Wordsworth C. Cole rid D. Byron E. Shelley F. Jane austen 5)The Critical Realism A. Charles dickens B. Thacher C. Charlotte Bronte D. Emily bront E. Alfred Tennyson F. Robert Browning G. Thomas hard H. Bernard Shaw
1 Chapter 6 British Literature Time Allocation: 4 periods Focal Points: early British literature concerned with Christianity, characteristics of the 19th century literature. I. Introduction 1) Anglo-Saxon Period A. Beowulf B. Chaucer 2) The Renaissance A. Christopher Marlow A. Shakespeare B. Milton C. Banyan D. Bacon 3) The Enlightenment Movement A. Swift B. Defoe C. Alexandra Pope D. Henry Fielding E. William Blake F. Sheriden G. Robert Burns 4) Romanticism A. Thomas Grey B. William Wordsworth C. Cole ridge D. Byron E. Shelley F. Jane Austen 5) The Critical Realism A. Charles Dickens B. Thacheray C. Charlotte Bronte D. Emily Bronte E. Alfred Tennyson F. Robert Browning G. Thomas Hardy H. Bernard Shaw
6) The Modern Literature rence B. James Joyce C. Virginia Woolf I. What is Literature? In English we use the word in at least two different ways 1) In its broad sense, literature means anything that is written: timetable catalogues, textbooks, travel brochures and so on. In this broad sense an account of yesterday's football match or an advertisement for soap powder is as much literature as the Dialogues of Plato or the novels of Graham Greene 2) In its narrow sense, literature means something more serious Literature, we may now agree, is writing which expresses and communicates thoughts, feelings and attitudes towards life. It interests, entertains, stimulates broadens or ennobles the reader 2. Types of Literature In practice, works of literature fall into four categories or genres 1)narrative fiction 2)drama d 4)non-fiction prose All these four forms have many common characteristics. While the major purpose of non-fiction prose, for example, is to inform, the other genres also provide information(although informing is incidental to the others). All the genres(category of artistic works) are art forms, each with its own internal requirements of structure and style. In varying degrees, all the forms are dramatic and imaginative. Even a work of non-fiction prose designed to instruct will be unsuccessful unless it makes at least some appeal to the imagination Narrative Fiction A narrative is an account of a series of events, usually fictional, although sometimes fictional events may be tied to events that are genuinely historical. The two kinds of narrative fiction you will read most often are short stories and novels. Myths parables(EE), romances, and epics are also part of the genre 1)A short story is usually about one or two characters undergoing some sort of difficulty or facing some sort of problem. The characters may go uphill or downhill, but they almost never remain the same, for even stay ing the same way usually be interpreted as either downhill or uphill. Although the characters will interact with other characters and with the circumstances
2 6) The Modern Literature A. D. H. Lawrence B. James Joyce C. Virginia Woolf D. E. M. Forester 1. What is Literature? In English we use the word in at least two different ways: 1) In its broad sense, literature means anything that is written: timetable, catalogues, textbooks, travel brochures and so on. In this broad sense an account of yesterday’s football match or an advertisement for soap powder is as much literature as the Dialogues of Plato or the novels of Graham Greene. 2) In its narrow sense, literature means something more serious. Literature, we may now agree, is writing which expresses and communicates thoughts, feelings and attitudes towards life. It interests, entertains, stimulates, broadens, or ennobles the reader. 2. Types of Literature In practice, works of literature fall into four categories or genres: 1) narrative fiction 2) drama 3) poetry and 4) non-fiction prose All these four forms have many common characteristics. While the major purpose of non-fiction prose, for example, is to inform, the other genres also provide information (although informing is incidental to the others). All the genres (category of artistic works) are art forms, each with its own internal requirements of structure and style. In varying degrees, all the forms are dramatic and imaginative. Even a work of non-fiction prose designed to instruct will be unsuccessful unless it makes at least some appeal to the imagination. Narrative Fiction A narrative is an account of a series of events, usually fictional, although sometimes fictional events may be tied to events that are genuinely historical. The two kinds of narrative fiction you will read most often are short stories and novels. Myths, parables (寓言), romances, and epics are also part of the genre. 1) A short story is usually about one or two characters undergoing some sort of difficulty or facing some sort of problem. The characters may go uphill or downhill, but they almost never remain the same, for even staying the same way usually be interpreted as either downhill or uphill. Although the characters will interact with other characters and with the circumstances
surround ing them, usually these relationships are described fairly briefly, for the shortened form of the story does not permit a great deal of development about how human character changes in response to human beings and 2)The novel, on the other hand, permits a full development of these interactions d its length is caused by this fullness of development. Like the short story the novel usually focuses on a small number of characters, although the cast of secondary characters is often large and the number of incidents is multiplied Drama a drama or play is designed to be performed on a stage by live actors. It therefore consists of dialogue together with direction for action. Like narrative fiction,it focuses on a single character or a small number of characters. Drama does not rely on narration, however, but presents you with speech and action which actually render(k Eld) the interactions that cause change in the characters and that resolve the conflicts with which the characters are engaged The drama types are tragedy comedy and farce (BR E). In the face of human disasters, tragedy attempts to elevate human values. Comedy treats people as they are laughing at them or sympathizing with them, but showing them to be successful nevertheless. Farce exaggerates human foolishness, gets the characters into probable and lunatic(愚蠢的) situation and laughs at everyone in sight Poetry Poetry is a broad term that includes many subtypes, such as sonnet(十四行诗) lyric, pastoral(田园诗) ballad(歌谣),song,ode(颂诗), drama( which may be in either prose or poetry) epic, mock epic and dramatic monologue. Essentially, poetry is a compressed and often highly emotional form of expression. It relies more heav ily than prose on Imagery(比喻), that is, on a comparative, allusive(暗指的), suggestive form of expression that is applicable to a wide number of human situation. It is this compactness of expression, combined with the broadness of application that makes poetry unique Because poetry is so compact, the rhythms of poetic speech become as vital as the emotions and ideas. Sometimes these rhythms are called the music of poetry The topic material of poetry can be just about anything. Love, personal meditations, psychological studies, reviews of folklore, attacks on co celebrations of the seasons, observations on life in the streets or in the home--these are just a few of the topics found. While writers of narrative and drama confine themselves exclusively to their respective forms, the poet is free to select any form he or she wishes, thus
3 surrounding them, usually these relationships are described fairly briefly, for the shortened form of the story does not permit a great deal of development about how human character changes in response to human beings and environment. 2) The novel, on the other hand, permits a full development of these interactions, and its length is caused by this fullness of development. Like the short story, the novel usually focuses on a small number of characters, although the cast of secondary characters is often large and the number of incidents is multiplied. Drama A drama or play is designed to be performed on a stage by live actors. It therefore consists of dialogue together with direction for action. Like narrative fiction, it focuses on a single character or a small number of characters. Drama does not rely on narration, however, but presents you with speech and action which actually render (表 现) the interactions that cause change in the characters and that resolve the conflicts with which the characters are engaged. The drama types are tragedy, comedy and farce (滑稽剧). In the face of human disasters, tragedy attempts to elevate human values. Comedy treats people as they are, laughing at them or sympathizing with them, but showing them to be successful nevertheless. Farce exaggerates human foolishness, gets the characters into improbable and lunatic (愚蠢的) situation and laughs at everyone in sight. Poetry Poetry is a broad term that includes many subtypes, such as sonnet (十四行诗), lyric, pastoral (田园诗), ballad (歌谣), song, ode (颂诗), drama (which may be in either prose or poetry) epic, mock epic and dramatic monologue. Essentially, poetry is a compressed and often highly emotional form of expression. It relies more heavily than prose on imagery (比喻), that is, on a comparative, allusive (暗指的), suggestive form of expression that is applicable to a wide number of human situation. It is this compactness of expression, combined with the broadness of application that makes poetry unique. Because poetry is so compact, the rhythms of poetic speech become as vital as the emotions and ideas. Sometimes these rhythms are called the music of poetry. The topic material of poetry can be just about anything. Love, personal meditations, psychological studies, reviews of folklore, attacks on co celebrations of the seasons, observations on life in the streets or in the home—these are just a few of the topics found. While writers of narrative and drama confine themselves exclusively to their respective forms, the poet is free to select any form he or she wishes, thus
some of the best poetry is dramatic(for example, Shakespeare's plays)and narrative (Miltons epic poem Paradise Lost) Nonfiction Prose This is a broad term referring to short forms like essays and articles and to longer non-fictional and non-dramatic works. The essay or article is a form designed primarily to express ideas, interpretations, and descriptions. The topics of essays are unlimited; they may be on social, political, artistic, scientific and other subjects. In an essay an author focuses on one topic such as the influence of diet on health or the contrast between envy and ambition. The writer usually develops a single topic fully but not exhaustively. When exhaustiveness is the aim, the writer expands the essay into the form of an entire book, which retains the same centralized focus as the essay but permits a wide examination and application of the entire subject The article is a form closely related to the essay. It is designed to explore and draw conclusion from facts and sometimes is exclusively factual. Therefore the article is used in all scholarly areas, such as economics, chemistry, physics, geology, anthropology and history. When an article is used exclusively for the reporting of research findings, it is distant from the essay in style, but when a writer combines factual material with conclusion and interpretations, the article comes close to the essay. When the scope of the article is enlarged, it grows into a complete book IL. Early Writing 1. Beowulf This is the first piece of English literary work. It is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. The story consists of three fights made by Beowulf, the hero in 1)The fight with the monster grendel 2)The fight with Grendel's mother 3)The fight with a fire Dragon 2. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) Chaucer is one of the greatest English poets. His masterpiece The Canterbury Tales was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. His life is known primarily through records pertaining (io &)to his career as a courtier(f E)and civil servant under the English kings Edward Ill and richard II Chaucer was the son of a prosperous London wine merchant. Chaucer may have attended the Latin grammar school of Saint Paul's Cathedral and may have studied law at the Inns of Court. about 1366, he married Philippa roet, a lady-in-waiting to
4 some of the best poetry is dramatic (for example, Shakespeare’s plays) and narrative (Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost). Nonfiction Prose This is a broad term referring to short forms like essays and articles and to longer non-fictional and non-dramatic works. The essay or article is a form designed primarily to express ideas, interpretations, and descriptions. The topics of essays are unlimited; they may be on social, political, artistic, scientific and other subjects. In an essay an author focuses on one topic such as the influence of diet on health or the contrast between envy and ambition. The writer usually develops a single topic fully but not exhaustively. When exhaustiveness is the aim, the writer expands the essay into the form of an entire book, which retains the same centralized focus as the essay but permits a wide examination and application of the entire subject. The article is a form closely related to the essay. It is designed to explore and draw conclusion from facts and sometimes is exclusively factual. Therefore the article is used in all scholarly areas, such as economics, chemistry, physics, geology, anthropology and history. When an article is used exclusively for the reporting of research findings, it is distant from the essay in style, but when a writer combines factual material with conclusion and interpretations, the article comes close to the essay. When the scope of the article is enlarged, it grows into a complete book. II. Early Writing 1. Beowulf This is the first piece of English literary work. It is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. The story consists of three fights made by Beowulf, the hero in the story. 1) The fight with the monster Grendel 2) The fight with Grendel’s mother 3) The fight with a fire Dragon 2. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) Chaucer is one of the greatest English poets. His masterpiece The Canterbury Tales was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. His life is known primarily through records pertaining (涉及) to his career as a courtier (侍臣) and civil servant under the English kings Edward III and Richard II. Chaucer was the son of a prosperous London wine merchant. Chaucer may have attended the Latin grammar school of Saint Paul's Cathedral and may have studied law at the Inns of Court. About 1366, he married Philippa Roet, a lady-in-waiting to
the queen and afterward in the service of John of Gaunt, who was duke of Lancaster and Edward's fourth son. Chaucer served as controller of customs for London from 1374 to 1386 and clerk of the kings works from 1389 to 1391, in which post he was responsible for maintenance of royal build ings and parks. About 1386 Chaucer moved from London to a country residence, where in 1386 he was justice of the peace and representative to Parliament. He traveled on several diplomatic missions to france, one to Spain in 1366, and two to Italy from 1372 to 1373 and in 1378. In the last year of his life, Chaucer leased()a house within the district of Westminster Abbey After his death, he was buried in the abbey(an honor for a commoner), in what has since become the poets' corner Chaucer's masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales. It is made up of a series of stories told by pilgrims to entertain each other on their way to the important Christian Church at Canterbury in southeast England. One of the contributions Chaucer made to the English literature is the introduction of the couplet from France into England Hero plet a rhy ir of iambic-pentameter lines, first used extensively English by Chaucer and later developed as a syntactically complete unit, esp. by Dryden and pol IL. Elizabethan drama 1. Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593) Christopher Marlowe was born in 1564, the year of william Shakespeare's birth He is the eldest son of a shoemaker. At 23. he went to London and became one of the most important dramatist before Will iam Shakespeare. Marlowe worked on tragedy and he wrote four important plays developing tragedy as a dramatic form. Being an atheist(无神论者), he was arrested for an unknown offense. Marlowe was killed in 1593 in a tavern(iW l) fight He and his friend argued over the bill and then he was killed by his friend with a knife. Some say that it may be an assassination. Marlowe died at the age of 29, and it is interesting that at this time Shakespeare was just beginning his dramatic career. Marlowe was the first one to use blank verse that encourage Shakespeare to try it. Marlowe was also the first to write a tragedy in English, again paving the way for Shakespeare I)The greatest writer in"University Wits Marlow is the immed iate predecessors ($4E)of Shakespeare. They are a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known as the University Wits, includ ing John Lyly, George Peele(1558-1598) Thomas lodge(1558-1625), Robert Greene(1558-1592), Thomas Nashe, Thomas Kyd(1558-1594), and Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593), lyly and Peele and
5 the queen and afterward in the service of John of Gaunt, who was duke of Lancaster and Edward's fourth son. Chaucer served as controller of customs for London from 1374 to 1386 and clerk of the king's works from 1389 to 1391, in which post he was responsible for maintenance of royal buildings and parks. About 1386 Chaucer moved from London to a country residence, where in 1386 he was justice of the peace and representative to Parliament. He traveled on several diplomatic missions to France, one to Spain in 1366, and two to Italy from 1372 to 1373 and in 1378. In the last year of his life, Chaucer leased (租) a house within the district of Westminster Abbey. After his death, he was buried in the Abbey (an honor for a commoner), in what has since become the Poets' Corner. Chaucer’s masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales. It is made up of a series of stories told by pilgrims to entertain each other on their way to the important Christian Church at Canterbury in southeast England. One of the contributions Chaucer made to the English literature is the introduction of the couplet from France into England. Heroic couplet a rhyming pair of iambic-pentameter lines, first used extensively in English by Chaucer and later developed as a syntactically complete unit, esp. by Dryden and Pope III. Elizabethan Drama 1. Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) Christopher Marlowe was born in 1564, the year of William Shakespeare's birth. He is the eldest son of a shoemaker. At 23, he went to London and became one of the most important dramatist before William Shakespeare. Marlowe worked on tragedy and he wrote four important plays developing tragedy as a dramatic form. Being an atheist (无神论者), he was arrested for an unknown offense. Marlowe was killed in 1593 in a tavern (酒馆) fight. He and his friend argued over the bill and then he was killed by his friend with a knife. Some say that it may be an assassination. Marlowe died at the age of 29, and it is interesting that at this time Shakespeare was just beginning his dramatic career. Marlowe was the first one to use blank verse that encourage Shakespeare to try it. Marlowe was also the first to write a tragedy in English, again paving the way for Shakespeare. 1) The greatest writer in “University Wits”: Marlow is the immediate predecessors (先辈) of Shakespeare. They are a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known as the University Wits, including John Lyly, George Peele (1558-1598), Thomas lodge (1558-1625), Robert Greene (1558-1592), Thomas Nashe, Thomas Kyd (1558-1594), and Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), Lyly and Peele and
Lodge being from Oxford and Greene and Nashe and Marlowe from Cambridge while kyd also likely to have received a university education 2)Marlowe's major plays A. Tamburlaine B. The jew of malta 3)Marlowe's two contributions to the English Literature B. Renaissance hero for drama 4) a brief introduction to“Dr. Faustus” Dr. Faustus is the greatest of Marlowe' s plays, in which the old German legend is freely reshaped. Faustus is a great scholar who has a strong desire to acquire all kinds of knowledge. He is bored of his present study on the academic curriculum and turns to black magic. By conjuration(念咒文召唤), he calls up Mephistophil is, the Devil's servant. Faustus makes a bond to sell his soul to the Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may have the services of Mephistophilis to give him everything he desires. With the help of the Devil Faustus brings his magical art into full play and sees the Pope, Alexander the Great and even the beautiful Helen of Greece. Meanwhile faustus has experienced much internal conflict, sy mbol ized in the appearances of both Good Angel and Bad Angel. In the final scene, there remains only the terrifying soliloquy(agE 语) in which the anguish(剧痛) of the hero' s mind is poignantly(尖锐地) expressed 2. William Shakespeare SHAKESPEARES COME. TRAGEDiI Passel somlssiuTrD-irnlCr. Developed by The Learning Company, Inc. Copynight(c)1997 TLC Properties Inc. All rights reserved Corbis- Bettmann corbis 6
6 Lodge being from Oxford and Greene and Nashe and Marlowe from Cambridge while Kyd also likely to have received a university education. 2) Marlowe’s major plays: A. Tamburlaine B. The Jew of Malta C. Dr. Faustus 3) Marlowe’s two contributions to the English Literature A. blank verse B. Renaissance hero for drama. 4) A brief introduction to “Dr. Faustus” Dr. Faustus is the greatest of Marlowe’s plays, in which the old German legend is freely reshaped. Faustus is a great scholar who has a strong desire to acquire all kinds of knowledge. He is bored of his present study on the academic curriculum and turns to black magic. By conjuration ( 念 咒 文 召 唤 ), he calls up Mephistophilis, the Devil’s servant. Faustus makes a bond to sell his soul to the Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may have the services of Mephistophilis to give him everything he desires. With the help of the Devil, Faustus brings his magical art into full play and sees the Pope, Alexander the Great and even the beautiful Helen of Greece. Meanwhile Faustus has experienced much internal conflict, symbolized in the appearances of both Good Angel and Bad Angel. In the final scene, there remains only the terrifying soliloquy (自言自 语) in which the anguish (剧痛) of the hero’s mind is poignantly (尖锐地) expressed. 2. William Shakespeare
Shakespeare, William(1564-1616), English playwright and poet, recognized much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. Hundreds of ed itions of his plays have been published, including translations in all major languages. Scholars have written thousands of books and articles about his plots, characters, themes, and language. He is the most widely quoted author in history, and his plays have probably been performed more times than those of any other dramatist Will iam Shakespeare(1564-1616) was born in Stratford, a small but important market town, during the week of april 23, 1564. he was the third of a family of eight children. His father, John Shakespeare, was a well-to-do merchant and lead ing citizen in the town who had repeatedly served as a member of the town council and had held almost all the important town offices at one time or another Developed by The Learning Company, Inc. Copyright(c)1997 TLC Properties Inc. All rights reserved Michael Maslan Historic Photographs corbis Developed by The Learning Company, Inc. Copynight(c)1997 TLC Properties Inc. All rights reserved Richard Nowitz corbis
7 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. Hundreds of editions of his plays have been published, including translations in all major languages. Scholars have written thousands of books and articles about his plots, characters, themes, and language. He is the most widely quoted author in history, and his plays have probably been performed more times than those of any other dramatist. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born in Stratford, a small but important market town, during the week of April 23, 1564. He was the third of a family of eight children. His father, John Shakespeare, was a well-to-do merchant and leading citizen in the town who had repeatedly served as a member of the town council and had held almost all the important town offices at one time or another
Shakespeare's Birthplace English playwright William Shakespeare was born in this house on Henley Street in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564. Shakespeares father, John, purchased the building in two stages, in 1556 and 1572. Today, shakespeare's birthplace is a museum, furnished as it might have been in Shakespeare's time It also houses an exhibit on Shakespeares life Shakespeare was educated in an excellent grammar school, taught by university graduates. In November, 1582 when he was 18, he married the twenty-six year old daughte a yeoman, Ann Hatha The first child, Susanna, was born less than five months later it is likely that the marriage was one of necessity On April 18, 1593, Shakespeare published his first known poem, the long narrative venus and Adonis. which was ded icated to his patron, the earl of Southampton, a friend and follower of Lord Essex. In May, 1594, Shakespeares second nondramatic poem, The Rape of Lucrece, was published and dedicated to the same patron. Apart from the long poems, Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets which were published At the end of 161 1 he retired to stratford and died there on april 23. 1616 Shakespeare's wife, Anne, died on August 6, 1623. She lived long enough to see a monument to her husband erected in Holy Trinity Church
8 S hakespeare’s Birthplace English playwright William Shakespeare was born in this house on Henley Street in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564. Shakespeare’s father, John, purchased the building in two stages, in 1556 and 1572. Today, Shakespeare’s birthplace is a museum, furnished as it might have been in Shakespeare’s time. It also houses an exhibit on Shakespeare’s life. Shakespeare was educated in an excellent grammar school, taught by university graduates. In November, 1582 when he was 18, he married the twenty-six year old daughter of a yeoman, Ann Hathaway. The first child, Susanna, was born less than five months later it is likely that the marriage was one of necessity. On April 18, 1593, Shakespeare published his first known poem, the long narrative Venus and Adonis, which was dedicated to his patron, the Earl of Southampton, a friend and follower of Lord Essex. In May, 1594, Shakespeare’s second nondramatic poem, The Rape of Lucrece, was published and dedicated to the same patron. Apart from the long poems, Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets which were published. At the end of 1611 he retired to Stratford and died there on April 23, 1616. Shakespeare’s wife, Anne, died on August 6, 1623. She lived long enough to see a monument to her husband erected in Holy Trinity Church
Elizabethan Theatre First built in 1935, then rebuilt in 1959, Ashlands Elizabethan Theatre is one of several venues for plays in the Oregon Shakespeare Festival Globe Theatre in London The Globe Theatre, where dramatist William Shakespeare saw his plays performed 400 years ago, has been rebuilt near its original location on the south bank of the Thames River in London England. The rebuilt theater opened in 1997 and offers performances of Shakespeare's plays during the summer.. Traditional materials were used in the rebuilding. A thatched(用草盖的屋顶) roof covers the galleries where the audience sits, and the outer walls are made of lime plaster
9 Elizabethan Theatre First built in 1935, then rebuilt in 1959, Ashland’s Elizabethan Theatre is one of several venues for plays in the Oregon Shakespeare Festival. Globe Theatre in London The Globe Theatre, where dramatist William Shakespeare saw his plays performed 400 years ago, has been rebuilt near its original location on the south bank of the Thames River in London, England. The rebuilt theater opened in 1997 and offers performances of Shakespeare’s plays during the summer. Traditional materials were used in the rebuilding. A thatched (用草盖的屋顶) roof covers the galleries where the audience sits, and the outer walls are made of lime plaster (石膏)
Shakespeare's Burial Site William Shakespeare was buried in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, shown here. His epitaph reads: Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare to digg the dust enclosed heare: Blese be ye man yt spares thes stones And curst be he yt moves my His Works 1)His Poems a. His Tow Long poems a. Venus and Adonis(1592 b The Rape of lucrece(1593) B. HiS Sonnets 2)His Plays Shakespeare's plays can be divided into three categories A comed B. hist According to the date of publication, Shakespeares plays can be divided into four periods A. The First Period (1590-1594) 1. The second Part of King Henry VI(1590) 2. The Third Part of King Henry VI 3. The First Part of King Henry VI(1591) 4. The Life and Death of King Richard III (1592) 5. The Comedy of Errors 6. Titus Andronicus(1593) 7. The Taming of the Shrew 8. The Two Gentlemen of Verona(1594) 9. Loves labour Lost 10. Romeo and juliet B. The Second Period(1595-1600) 1. The Life and Death of Richard II (1595) 2. A Midsummer Nights'Dream 3. The Life and Death of King John(1596) 4. The Merchant of Venice 5. The First Part of King Henry IV(1597) 6. The Second Part of King Henry IV 7. Much Ado about Nothing(1598) 8. The Merry Wives of windsor 9. The Life of King henry v
10 S hakespeare’s Burial Site William Shakespeare was buried in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, shown here. His epitaph reads: Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare To digg the dust encloased heare: Blese be ye man yt spares thes stones And curst be he yt moves my bones. His Works 1) His Poems A. His Tow Long Poems a. Venus and Adonis (1592) b. The Rape of Lucrece (1593) B. His Sonnets 2) His Plays Shakespeare’s plays can be divided into three categories: A. comedies, B. histories, C. tragedies. According to the date of publication, Shakespeare’s plays can be divided into four periods: A. The First Period (1590-1594) 1. The second Part of King Henry VI (1590) 2. The Third Part of King Henry VI 3. The First Part of King Henry VI (1591) 4. The Life and Death of King Richard III (1592) 5. The Comedy of Errors 6. Titus Andronicus (1593) 7. The Taming of the Shrew 8. The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594) 9. Love’s Labour Lost 10. Romeo and Juliet B. The Second Period (1595-1600) 1. The Life and Death of Richard II (1595) 2. A Midsummer Nights’ Dream 3. The Life and Death of King John (1596) 4. The Merchant of Venice 5. The First Part of King Henry IV (1597) 6. The Second Part of King Henry IV 7. Much Ado about Nothing (1598) 8. The Merry Wives of Windsor 9. The Life of King Henry V
